J Endocrinol Metab

Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jofem.org

Original Article

Volume 5, Number 1-2, April 2015, pages 179-183

Thyroid Hormones Protect Type 2 Diabetes Obese Patients Against Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors

**Table 1.** Characteristics of the Patients
Variables	Women (n = 100)	Men (n = 50)	P value
*Significant. The results are expressed as number (%) and mean ± SD (median).
Age (year)	51.5 ± 4.3 (50)	52.4 ± 4.6 (50)	0.237
Family history of diabetes	24 (24)	16 (32)	0.296
Duration of diabetes (year)	3.15 ± 1.60 (3)	3.02 ± 1.48 (3)	0.622
Weight (kg)	97.5 ± 9 (94.5)	92.7 ± 10.3 (89)	0.006*
Height (m)	1.63 ± 0.045 (1.62)	1.62 ± 0.039 (1.61)	0.165
Body mass index (kg/m²)	36.57 ± 2.15 (36.73)	35.16 ± 2.54 (34.33)	0.001*
Waist circumference (cm)	90.34 ± 7.4 (87.5)	88.3 ± 8.4 (86)	0.147
Waist/height ratio	0.553 ± 0.036 (0.55)	0.554 ± 0.042 (0.525)	0.178

Table 1. Characteristics of the Patients

Variables

Women (n = 100)

Men (n = 50)

P value

*Significant. The results are expressed as number (%) and mean ± SD (median).

Age (year)

51.5 ± 4.3 (50)

52.4 ± 4.6 (50)

0.237

Family history of diabetes

24 (24)

16 (32)

0.296

Duration of diabetes (year)

3.15 ± 1.60 (3)

3.02 ± 1.48 (3)

0.622

Weight (kg)

97.5 ± 9 (94.5)

92.7 ± 10.3 (89)

0.006*

Height (m)

1.63 ± 0.045 (1.62)

1.62 ± 0.039 (1.61)

0.165

Body mass index (kg/m²)

36.57 ± 2.15 (36.73)

35.16 ± 2.54 (34.33)

0.001*

Waist circumference (cm)

90.34 ± 7.4 (87.5)

88.3 ± 8.4 (86)

0.147

Waist/height ratio

0.553 ± 0.036 (0.55)

0.554 ± 0.042 (0.525)

0.178

**Table 2.** Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors
Variables	Women (n = 100)	Men (n = 50)	P value
The results are expressed as number and mean ± SD.
Fasting serum glucose (mg/dL)	210.2 ± 35.7	211.6 ± 33.2	0.806
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1_c %)	8.1 ± 0.6	8.1 ± 0.7	0.755
Arterial blood pressure (mm Hg)
Systolic	135.2 ± 8.5	135.9 ± 8.7	0.653
Diastolic	85.2 ± 4.7	86 ± 4.6	0.303
Mean	101.8 ± 4.8	102.6 ± 5.1	0.368
Pulse pressure	50.0 ± 8.4	49.9 ± 7.8	0.908
Fasting serum lipid profile
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	195.3 ± 83.0	184.1 ± 76.0	0.408
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	211.1 ± 68.2	203.5 ± 60.5	0.487
High density lipoprotein (mg/dL)	51.6 ± 11.2	54.1 ± 11.0	0.195
Atherogenic lipoprotein (mg/dL)	150.1 ± 67.6	128.9 ± 60.6	0.309
Atherogenic index	0.553 ± 0.271	0.509 ± 0.254	0.338
High sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/L)	5.0 ± 0.66	4.9 ± 0.65	0.580

Table 2. Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors

Variables

Women (n = 100)

Men (n = 50)

P value

The results are expressed as number and mean ± SD.

Fasting serum glucose (mg/dL)

210.2 ± 35.7

211.6 ± 33.2

0.806

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1_c %)

8.1 ± 0.6

8.1 ± 0.7

0.755

Arterial blood pressure (mm Hg)

Systolic

135.2 ± 8.5

135.9 ± 8.7

0.653

Diastolic

85.2 ± 4.7

86 ± 4.6

0.303

Mean

101.8 ± 4.8

102.6 ± 5.1

0.368

Pulse pressure

50.0 ± 8.4

49.9 ± 7.8

0.908

Fasting serum lipid profile

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

195.3 ± 83.0

184.1 ± 76.0

0.408

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

211.1 ± 68.2

203.5 ± 60.5

0.487

High density lipoprotein (mg/dL)

51.6 ± 11.2

54.1 ± 11.0

0.195

Atherogenic lipoprotein (mg/dL)

150.1 ± 67.6

128.9 ± 60.6

0.309

Atherogenic index

0.553 ± 0.271

0.509 ± 0.254

0.338

High sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/L)

5.0 ± 0.66

4.9 ± 0.65

0.580

**Table 3.** Serum Thyroid Hormones
Variables	Women (n = 100)	Men (n = 50)	P value
*Significant. The results are expressed as number (%) and mean ± SD (median).
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
< 0.3 mIU/L	18 (18)	13 (26)	0.253
> 0.6 mIU/L	68 (68)	30 (60)	0.331
Mean ± SD (median)	6.2 ± 5.2 (7.1)	4.83 ± 4.24 (5.57)	0.096
Thyroxin (T4)
< 60 nmol/L	22 (22)	8 (16)	0.386
> 140 nmol/L	11 (11)	8 (16)	0.385
Mean ± SD (median)	96.5 ± 35.1 (98.5)	105.5 ± 33.8 (122)	0.133
Triiodothyronine (T3)
< 0.9 nmol/L	19 (19)	4 (8)	0.163
> 2.5 nmol/L	42 (42)	30 (60)	0.037*
Mean ± SD (median)	2.14 ± 1.2 (2.2)	2.34 ± 1.07 (2.7)	0.301

Table 3. Serum Thyroid Hormones

Variables

Women (n = 100)

Men (n = 50)

P value

*Significant. The results are expressed as number (%) and mean ± SD (median).

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

< 0.3 mIU/L

18 (18)

13 (26)

0.253

> 0.6 mIU/L

68 (68)

30 (60)

0.331

Mean ± SD (median)

6.2 ± 5.2 (7.1)

4.83 ± 4.24 (5.57)

0.096

Thyroxin (T4)

< 60 nmol/L

22 (22)

8 (16)

0.386

> 140 nmol/L

11 (11)

8 (16)

0.385

Mean ± SD (median)

96.5 ± 35.1 (98.5)

105.5 ± 33.8 (122)

0.133

Triiodothyronine (T3)

< 0.9 nmol/L

19 (19)

4 (8)

0.163

> 2.5 nmol/L

42 (42)

30 (60)

0.037*

Mean ± SD (median)

2.14 ± 1.2 (2.2)

2.34 ± 1.07 (2.7)

0.301

**Table 4.** Correlation Coefficient of the Relationship Between Thyroid Hormones and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors
Variables	Women (n = 100)	P value	Men (n = 50)	P value
*Significant. The results are expressed as correlation coefficient (r).
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) versus
Body mass index	0.429	0.000*	0.536	0.000*
Waist circumference	0.484	0.000*	0.716	0.000*
Mean arterial blood pressure	0.219	0.028*	0.445	0.001*
Fasting serum glucose	0.071	0.482	0.244	0.087
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1_c %)	0.273	0.006*	0.318	0.024*
Fasting serum triglycerides	0.545	0.000*	0.761	0.000*
Fasting serum high density lipoprotein	-0.469	0.000*	-0.809	0.000*
High sensitivity C-reactive protein	0.025	0.804	0.143	0.321
Thyroxine (T4) versus
Body mass index	-0.576	0.000*	-0.812	0.000*
Waist circumference	-0.811	0.000*	-0.819	0.000*
Mean arterial blood pressure	-0.496	0.000*	-0.534	0.000*
Fasting serum glucose	-0.101	0.317	-0.371	0.007*
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1_c %)	-0.334	0.000*	-0.099	0.493
Fasting serum triglycerides	-0.843	0.000*	-0.850	0.000*
Fasting serum high density lipoprotein	0.790	0.000*	0.821	0.000*
High sensitivity C-reactive protein	-0.282	0.004*	-0.473	0.000*
Triiodothyronine (T3) versus
Body mass index	-0.475	0.000*	-0.710	0.000*
Waist circumference	-0.668	0.000*	-0.775	0.000*
Mean arterial blood pressure	-0.351	0.000*	-0.430	0.001*
Fasting serum glucose	-0.190	0.058	-0.436	0.001*
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1_c %)	-0.318	0.001*	-0.314	0.026*
Fasting serum triglycerides	-0.760	0.000*	-0.826	0.000*
Fasting serum high density lipoprotein	0.704	0.000*	0.820	0.000*
High sensitivity C-reactive protein	-0.301	0.002*	-0.378	0.007*

Table 4. Correlation Coefficient of the Relationship Between Thyroid Hormones and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors

Variables

Women (n = 100)

P value

Men (n = 50)

P value

*Significant. The results are expressed as correlation coefficient (r).

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) versus

Body mass index

0.429

0.000*

0.536

0.000*

Waist circumference

0.484

0.000*

0.716

0.000*

Mean arterial blood pressure

0.219

0.028*

0.445

0.001*

Fasting serum glucose

0.071

0.482

0.244

0.087

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1_c %)

0.273

0.006*

0.318

0.024*

Fasting serum triglycerides

0.545

0.000*

0.761

0.000*

Fasting serum high density lipoprotein

-0.469

0.000*

-0.809

0.000*

High sensitivity C-reactive protein

0.025

0.804

0.143

0.321

Thyroxine (T4) versus

Body mass index

-0.576

0.000*

-0.812

0.000*

Waist circumference

-0.811

0.000*

-0.819

0.000*

Mean arterial blood pressure

-0.496

0.000*

-0.534

0.000*

Fasting serum glucose

-0.101

0.317

-0.371

0.007*

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1_c %)

-0.334

0.000*

-0.099

0.493

Fasting serum triglycerides

-0.843

0.000*

-0.850

0.000*

Fasting serum high density lipoprotein

0.790

0.000*

0.821

0.000*

High sensitivity C-reactive protein

-0.282

0.004*

-0.473

0.000*

Triiodothyronine (T3) versus

Body mass index

-0.475

0.000*

-0.710

0.000*

Waist circumference

-0.668

0.000*

-0.775

0.000*

Mean arterial blood pressure

-0.351

0.000*

-0.430

0.001*

Fasting serum glucose

-0.190

0.058

-0.436

0.001*

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1_c %)

-0.318

0.001*

-0.314

0.026*

Fasting serum triglycerides

-0.760

0.000*

-0.826

0.000*

Fasting serum high density lipoprotein

0.704

0.000*

0.820

0.000*

High sensitivity C-reactive protein

-0.301

0.002*

-0.378

0.007*