J Endocrinol Metab

Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jofem.org

Original Article

Volume 5, Number 4, August 2015, pages 229-237

Autonomic Diabetic Neuropathy Impairs Glucose and Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor-Regulated Glucagon Concentration in Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Figures

Figure 1. Plasma peptide and metabolite concentrations in type 1 diabetic patients with or without autonomic neuropathy following a meal test. Plasma concentration of pancreatic polypeptide (A), glucagon (B), active GLP-1 (C), total GIP (D), glucose (E), and plasma DPP4 activity (F), following the meal test in type 1 diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy (AN+, black square) or without (AN-, open rings). Data are presented in means ± SD. *Difference statistically significant when P < 0.05.

Figure 2. Plasma peptide and metabolite concentrations in type 1 diabetic patients with or without autonomic neuropathy following a single administration of vildagliptin and a meal test. In patients without (AN-) or with (AN+) autonomic neuropathy and following or not a single administration of a DPP4i vildagliptin (black triangles, and open rings, respectively) the plasma concentration of glucagon (A, B), and active GLP-1 (C, D), and the glucagon/active GLP-1 ratio were assessed. Data are presented in means ± SD. *Difference statistically significant when P < 0.05.

Table

**Table 1.** Baseline Characteristics of Patients
Baseline characteristics	All	AN-	AN+
AN+, AN-: patients with or without autonomic diabetic neuropathy, respectively. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, or percent when relevant.
n	18	11	7
Females (%)	7 (39)	4 (36)	3 (43)
Age (years)	53.1 ± 9.9	50.8 ± 11.0	56.9 ± 9.9
Duration of diabetes (years)	29.3 ± 9.4	26.3 ± 10.0	34.0 ± 6.5
BMI (kg/m²)	24.1 ± 2.7	24.2 ± 2.4	23.8 ± 3.3
HbA1c (%)	7.91 ± 0.72	7.75 ± 0.65	8.15 ± 8.80
Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min)	101 ± 25	104 ± 24	95 ± 26
Insulin pump therapy (%)	11 (61)	7 (63)	5 (57)
Insulin therapy (IU/day)	40.1 ± 13.7	40.4 ± 12.7	41.2 ± 16.1
Insulin therapy (IU/kg)	0.57 ± 0.16	0.53 ± 0.11	0.63 ± 0.21
Short acting insulin therapy (IU/day)	16.6 ± 6.5	16.6 ± 7.6	16.1 ± 4.9