Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access |
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc |
Journal website http://www.jofem.org |
Original Article
Volume 5, Number 5, October 2015, pages 284-290
Beneficial Effects of Incretin-Based Therapy on Glycemic Control, Adipokines, Insulin Sensitivity Parameters and Weight Loss in Overweight or Obese Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study
Tables
Liraglutide group | Metformin group | Sitagliptin group | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Values are represented as mean ± standard variation. NS: non-significance. | ||||
N | 24 | 26 | 25 | NS |
Sex (M/F) | 12/12 | 13/13 | 13/12 | NS |
Age (years) | 56.4 ± 8.6 | 56.7 ± 9.1 | 55.3 ± 9.5 | NS |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 6.4 ± 2.1 | 6.2 ± 2.5 | 6.5 ± 2.2 | NS |
Waist circumstance (cm) | 110.2 ± 4.7 | 109.7 ± 4.2 | 110.1 ± 3.8 | NS |
WHR | 0.89 ± 0.08 | 0.89 ± 0.06 | 0.89 ± 0.06 | NS |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.4 ± 2.7 | 30.2 ± 2.4 | 30.6 ± 3.2 | NS |
Weight (kg) | 88.7 ± 6.5 | 88.2 ± 7.6 | 88.9 ± 6.2 | NS |
HbA1c (%) | 8.8 ± 1.0 | 8.7 ± 0.7 | 8.6 ± 0.8 | NS |
FBG (mmol/L) | 9.3 ± 1.6 | 9.3 ± 0.9 | 9.2 ± 1.7 | NS |
Fast insulin (μIU/mL) | 13.7 ± 4.4 | 12.8 ± 4.9 | 13.9 ± 4.4 | NS |
Fast C peptide (ng/mL) | 3.0 ± 1.2 | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 3.0 ± 1.1 | NS |
HOMA-IR (mol mIU/L2) | 5.8 ± 2.4 | 5.3 ± 2.1 | 5.8 ± 2.4 | NS |
HOMA-B (μIU/mmol) | 49.3 ± 16.6 | 45.2 ± 18.4 | 51.3 ± 18.7 | NS |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.7 ± 0.8 | 5.8 ± 1.0 | 5.9 ± 0.8 | NS |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.7 ± 1.1 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.6 ± 1.1 | NS |
HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | NS |
LDL-c (mmol/L) | 3.4 ± 0.6 | 3.6 ± 0.7 | 3.4 ± 0.7 | NS |
Leptin (ng/dL) | 28.4 ± 9.2 | 29.7 ± 5.6 | 27.6 ± 7.9 | NS |
Adiponectin (μg/dL) | 6.5 ± 2.2 | 6.3 ± 1.6 | 6.8 ± 1.8 | NS |
L/A ratio (ng/μg) | 5.1 ± 3.2 | 5.1 ± 1.8 | 4.5 ± 2.1 | NS |
hsCRP (mg/L) | 2.6 ± 1.8 | 2.6 ± 1.2 | 2.4 ± 1.7 | NS |
Baseline | 24 weeks | Mean change from baseline | P value (effect of time) | P value (effect of treatment) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Values are represented as mean ± standard variation. P value (effect of time) means comparison between endpoint of 24 weeks and baseline for each treatment. P value (effect of treatment) means pairwise comparison of mean changes from baseline among the treatments. LvsM: liraglutide vs. metformin; MvsS: metformin vs. sitagliptin; LvsS: liraglutide vs. sitagliptin. | |||||
HbA1c (%) | |||||
Liraglutide | 8.8 ± 1.0 | 7.1 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 | LvsM 0.005 |
Metformin | 8.7 ± 0.7 | 7.5 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 | MvsS 0.999 |
Sitagliptin | 8.6 ± 0.8 | 7.4 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 | LvsS 0.002 |
FBG (mmol/L) | |||||
Liraglutide | 9.3 ± 1.6 | 7.1 ± 0.7 | 2.2 ± 1.1 | < 0.001 | LvsM 0.117 |
Metformin | 9.3 ± 0.9 | 7.7 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 | MvsS 0.969 |
Sitagliptin | 9.2 ± 1.7 | 7.6 ± 1.2 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 | LvsS 0.068 |
Body weight (kg) | |||||
Liraglutide | 88.7 ± 6.5 | 83.9 ± 6.0 | 4.8 ± 1.2 | < 0.001 | LvsM < 0.001 |
Metformin | 88.2 ± 7.6 | 85.6 ± 6.4 | 2.6 ± 1.4 | < 0.001 | MvsS 0.113 |
Sitagliptin | 88.9 ± 6.2 | 87.2 ± 5.6 | 1.8 ± 1.4 | < 0.001 | LvsS < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
Liraglutide | 30.4 ± 2.7 | 28.8 ± 2.7 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 | LvsM < 0.001 |
Metformin | 30.2 ± 2.4 | 29.3 ± 2.3 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 | MvsS 0.065 |
Sitagliptin | 30.6 ± 3.2 | 30.1 ± 3.2 | 0.6 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 | LvsS < 0.001 |
Waist circumstance (cm) | |||||
Liraglutide | 110.2 ± 4.7 | 103.2 ± 4.5 | 6.9 ± 1.3 | < 0.001 | LvsM < 0.001 |
Metformin | 109.7 ± 4.2 | 105.9 ± 4.1 | 3.8 ± 2.0 | < 0.001 | MvsS 0.123 |
Sitagliptin | 110.1 ± 3.8 | 107.4 ± 3.3 | 2.7 ± 1.9 | < 0.001 | LvsS < 0.001 |
HOMA-IR (mol mIU/L2) | |||||
Liraglutide | 5.8 ± 2.4 | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 2.6 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 | LvsM 0.054 |
Metformin | 5.3 ± 2.1 | 3.7 ± 1.4 | 1.7 ± 1.0 | < 0.001 | MvsS 0.962 |
Sitagliptin | 5.8 ± 2.4 | 4.0 ± 1.5 | 1.8 ± 1.1 | < 0.001 | LvsS 0.119 |
HOMA-B (μIU/mmol) | |||||
Liraglutide | 49.3 ± 16.6 | 56.7 ± 17.7 | 7.5 ± 9.2 | 0.001 | LvsM 0.998 |
Metformin | 45.2 ± 18.4 | 53.0 ± 20.9 | 7.9 ± 9.8 | < 0.001 | MvsS 0.987 |
Sitagliptin | 51.3 ± 18.8 | 59.6 ± 19.1 | 8.3 ± 9.7 | < 0.001 | LvsS 0.998 |
Leptin (ng/dL) | |||||
Liraglutide | 28.4 ± 9.2 | 26.5 ± 7.7 | 1.9 ± 2.5 | 0.001 | LvsM 0.892 |
Metformin | 29.7 ± 5.6 | 28.4 ± 5.3 | 1.2 ± 4.9 | 0.219 | MvsS 0.846 |
Sitagliptin | 27.6 ± 7.9 | 26.6 ± 5.4 | 1.0 ± 5.4 | 0.341 | LvsS 0.999 |
Adiponectin (μg/dL) | |||||
Liraglutide | 6.5 ± 2.2 | 8.2 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 1.5 | < 0.001 | LvsM 0.027 |
Metformin | 6.3 ± 1.6 | 6.5 ± 1.2 | 0.2 ± 2.1 | 0.565 | MvsS 0.980 |
Sitagliptin | 6.8 ± 1.8 | 7.2 ± 1.0 | 0.4 ± 1.4 | 0.156 | LvsS 0.016 |
L/A ratio (ng/μg) | |||||
Liraglutide | 5.1 ± 3.2 | 3.3 ± 1.2 | 1.8 ± 2.4 | 0.001 | LvsM 0.159 |
Metformin | 5.1 ± 1.8 | 4.5 ± 1.2 | 0.6 ± 2.0 | 0.167 | MvsS 0.990 |
Sitagliptin | 4.5 ± 2.1 | 3.8 ± 1.0 | 0.7 ± 1.9 | 0.08 | LvsS 0.247 |
Liraglutide | Metformin | Sitagliptin | |
---|---|---|---|
Data are shown in n (%).*P < 0.05 for comparison with liraglutide group. | |||
n | 24 | 26 | 25 |
Patients with one or more AEs | 13 (54.2) | 6 (25.0)* | 5 (20.0)* |
Hypoglycemia | 2 (8.3) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (4.0) |
Nausea | 8 (33.3) | 2 (7.7)* | 1 (4.0)* |
Vomiting | 2 (8.3) | 1 (3.8) | 0 (0) |
Diarrhea | 3 (12.5) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (4.0) |
Constipation | 2 (8.3) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (4.0) |
Epigastric abdominal pain | 3 (12.5) | 2 (7.7) | 1 (4.0) |
Dizziness | 4 (16.7) | 2 (7.7) | 2 (8.0) |
Influenza-like symptoms | 2 (8.3) | 1 (3.8) | 2 (8.0) |
Skin itching | 1 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.0) |