Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website http://www.jofem.org

Original Article

Volume 5, Number 5, October 2015, pages 284-290


Beneficial Effects of Incretin-Based Therapy on Glycemic Control, Adipokines, Insulin Sensitivity Parameters and Weight Loss in Overweight or Obese Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study

Tables

Table 1. Baseline Demographics and Characteristics of the Study Participants
 
Liraglutide groupMetformin groupSitagliptin groupP value
Values are represented as mean ± standard variation. NS: non-significance.
N242625NS
Sex (M/F)12/1213/1313/12NS
Age (years)56.4 ± 8.656.7 ± 9.155.3 ± 9.5NS
Duration of diabetes (years)6.4 ± 2.16.2 ± 2.56.5 ± 2.2NS
Waist circumstance (cm)110.2 ± 4.7109.7 ± 4.2110.1 ± 3.8NS
WHR0.89 ± 0.080.89 ± 0.060.89 ± 0.06NS
BMI (kg/m2)30.4 ± 2.730.2 ± 2.430.6 ± 3.2NS
Weight (kg)88.7 ± 6.588.2 ± 7.688.9 ± 6.2NS
HbA1c (%)8.8 ± 1.08.7 ± 0.78.6 ± 0.8NS
FBG (mmol/L)9.3 ± 1.69.3 ± 0.99.2 ± 1.7NS
Fast insulin (μIU/mL)13.7 ± 4.412.8 ± 4.913.9 ± 4.4NS
Fast C peptide (ng/mL)3.0 ± 1.23.1 ± 1.03.0 ± 1.1NS
HOMA-IR (mol mIU/L2)5.8 ± 2.45.3 ± 2.15.8 ± 2.4NS
HOMA-B (μIU/mmol)49.3 ± 16.645.2 ± 18.451.3 ± 18.7NS
Cholesterol (mmol/L)5.7 ± 0.85.8 ± 1.05.9 ± 0.8NS
Triglycerides (mmol/L)2.7 ± 1.12.9 ± 0.92.6 ± 1.1NS
HDL-c (mmol/L)1.4 ± 0.51.5 ± 0.51.5 ± 0.4NS
LDL-c (mmol/L)3.4 ± 0.63.6 ± 0.73.4 ± 0.7NS
Leptin (ng/dL)28.4 ± 9.229.7 ± 5.627.6 ± 7.9NS
Adiponectin (μg/dL)6.5 ± 2.26.3 ± 1.66.8 ± 1.8NS
L/A ratio (ng/μg)5.1 ± 3.25.1 ± 1.84.5 ± 2.1NS
hsCRP (mg/L)2.6 ± 1.82.6 ± 1.22.4 ± 1.7NS

 

Table 2. Changes of Variables Related With Glycemic Control, Body Weight and Adipokines After 24-Week Treatment
 
Baseline24 weeksMean change from baselineP value (effect of time)P value (effect of treatment)
Values are represented as mean ± standard variation. P value (effect of time) means comparison between endpoint of 24 weeks and baseline for each treatment. P value (effect of treatment) means pairwise comparison of mean changes from baseline among the treatments. LvsM: liraglutide vs. metformin; MvsS: metformin vs. sitagliptin; LvsS: liraglutide vs. sitagliptin.
HbA1c (%)
  Liraglutide8.8 ± 1.07.1 ± 0.71.7 ± 0.5< 0.001LvsM 0.005
  Metformin8.7 ± 0.77.5 ± 0.61.2 ± 0.5< 0.001MvsS 0.999
  Sitagliptin8.6 ± 0.87.4 ± 0.61.2 ± 0.4< 0.001LvsS 0.002
FBG (mmol/L)
  Liraglutide9.3 ± 1.67.1 ± 0.72.2 ± 1.1< 0.001LvsM 0.117
  Metformin9.3 ± 0.97.7 ± 0.81.7 ± 0.6< 0.001MvsS 0.969
  Sitagliptin9.2 ± 1.77.6 ± 1.21.6 ± 0.6< 0.001LvsS 0.068
Body weight (kg)
  Liraglutide88.7 ± 6.583.9 ± 6.04.8 ± 1.2< 0.001LvsM < 0.001
  Metformin88.2 ± 7.685.6 ± 6.42.6 ± 1.4< 0.001MvsS 0.113
  Sitagliptin88.9 ± 6.287.2 ± 5.61.8 ± 1.4< 0.001LvsS < 0.001
BMI (kg/m2)
  Liraglutide30.4 ± 2.728.8 ± 2.71.6 ± 0.4< 0.001LvsM < 0.001
  Metformin30.2 ± 2.429.3 ± 2.30.9 ± 0.4< 0.001MvsS 0.065
  Sitagliptin30.6 ± 3.230.1 ± 3.20.6 ± 0.4< 0.001LvsS < 0.001
Waist circumstance (cm)
  Liraglutide110.2 ± 4.7103.2 ± 4.56.9 ± 1.3< 0.001LvsM < 0.001
  Metformin109.7 ± 4.2105.9 ± 4.13.8 ± 2.0< 0.001MvsS 0.123
  Sitagliptin110.1 ± 3.8107.4 ± 3.32.7 ± 1.9< 0.001LvsS < 0.001
HOMA-IR (mol mIU/L2)
  Liraglutide5.8 ± 2.43.1 ± 1.02.6 ± 1.6< 0.001LvsM 0.054
  Metformin5.3 ± 2.13.7 ± 1.41.7 ± 1.0< 0.001MvsS 0.962
  Sitagliptin5.8 ± 2.44.0 ± 1.51.8 ± 1.1< 0.001LvsS 0.119
HOMA-B (μIU/mmol)
  Liraglutide49.3 ± 16.656.7 ± 17.77.5 ± 9.20.001LvsM 0.998
  Metformin45.2 ± 18.453.0 ± 20.97.9 ± 9.8< 0.001MvsS 0.987
  Sitagliptin51.3 ± 18.859.6 ± 19.18.3 ± 9.7< 0.001LvsS 0.998
Leptin (ng/dL)
  Liraglutide28.4 ± 9.226.5 ± 7.71.9 ± 2.50.001LvsM 0.892
  Metformin29.7 ± 5.628.4 ± 5.31.2 ± 4.90.219MvsS 0.846
  Sitagliptin27.6 ± 7.926.6 ± 5.41.0 ± 5.40.341LvsS 0.999
Adiponectin (μg/dL)
  Liraglutide6.5 ± 2.28.2 ± 1.01.7 ± 1.5< 0.001LvsM 0.027
  Metformin6.3 ± 1.66.5 ± 1.20.2 ± 2.10.565MvsS 0.980
  Sitagliptin6.8 ± 1.87.2 ± 1.00.4 ± 1.40.156LvsS 0.016
L/A ratio (ng/μg)
  Liraglutide5.1 ± 3.23.3 ± 1.21.8 ± 2.40.001LvsM 0.159
  Metformin5.1 ± 1.84.5 ± 1.20.6 ± 2.00.167MvsS 0.990
  Sitagliptin4.5 ± 2.13.8 ± 1.00.7 ± 1.90.08LvsS 0.247

 

Table 3. Overview of Adverse Events Over 24-Week Treatment
 
LiraglutideMetforminSitagliptin
Data are shown in n (%).*P < 0.05 for comparison with liraglutide group.
n242625
Patients with one or more AEs13 (54.2)6 (25.0)*5 (20.0)*
Hypoglycemia2 (8.3)1 (3.8)1 (4.0)
Nausea8 (33.3)2 (7.7)*1 (4.0)*
Vomiting2 (8.3)1 (3.8)0 (0)
Diarrhea3 (12.5)1 (3.8)1 (4.0)
Constipation2 (8.3)1 (3.8)1 (4.0)
Epigastric abdominal pain3 (12.5)2 (7.7)1 (4.0)
Dizziness4 (16.7)2 (7.7)2 (8.0)
Influenza-like symptoms2 (8.3)1 (3.8)2 (8.0)
Skin itching1 (4.2)0 (0)1 (4.0)