Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access |
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc |
Journal website http://www.jofem.org |
Editorial
Volume 7, Number 5, October 2017, pages 133-134
Major Component Diseases, Autoantibodies, and Typical Clinical and Endocrinological Findings Observed in Each Type of Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome
Table
Type of PAS | Major component diseases | Autoantibodies | Typical clinical and endocrinological findings |
---|---|---|---|
ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone; Ca: calcium; Pi: inorganic phosphorus; PTH: parathyroid hormone; T3: triiodothyronine; T4: thyroxine; TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone. | |||
Type 1 | Addison disease | Anti-adrenal cortex antibody | Cortisol ↓, ACTH ↑ |
Hypoparathyroidism | Unavailable | Ca ↓, Pi ↑, PTH ↓ | |
Candidiasis | β-D-glucan ↑, positive culture for Candida | ||
The Cica Fungi Test Candida (+) [5] | |||
Diagnosis | Existence of any two of three diseases | ||
Type 2 | Addison disease | ||
Autoimmune thyroid diseases | |||
Graves’ disease | TSH receptor antibody | Free T3 ↑, free T4 ↑, TSH ↓ | |
TSH receptor stimulatory antibody | |||
Hashimoto thyroiditis | Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody | Free T3 ↓, free T4 ↓, TSH ↑, thyroid swelling | |
Anti-thyroglobulin antibody | |||
Type 1 diabetes | Insulin autoantibody | C-peptide ↓, plasma glucose ↑ | |
Islet cell antibody | |||
Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody | |||
Anti-insulinoma-associated protein 2 antibody | |||
Anti-zinc transporter 8 antibody | |||
Diagnosis | Addison disease complicated with autoimmune thyroid diseases or Addison disease complicated with type 1 diabetes | ||
Type 3 | Autoimmune thyroid diseases | ||
Type 3A | Type 1 diabetes | ||
Type 3B | Pernicious anemia | Parietal cell antibody | Vitamin B12 ↓ |
Intrinsic factor antibody | |||
Type 3C | Vitiligo | Cutaneous depigmentation disorder | |
Alopecia | |||
Organ-specific autoimmune diseases | |||
Diagnosis | Autoimmune thyroid diseases complicated with type 1 diabetes (3A) or autoimmune thyroid diseases complicated with pernicious anemia (3B) or autoimmune thyroid diseases complicated with vitiligo, alopecia, and organ-specific autoimmune diseases (3C) | ||
Type 4 | Addison disease | ||
Diagnosis | Addison disease without complication with candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, autoimmune thyroid diseases and type 1 diabetes, with complication with other autoimmune diseases such as gonadal failure, malabsorption, pernicious anemia, vitiligo, autoimmune hypophysitis, alopecia, autoimmune hepatitis, myasthenia gravis |