J Endocrinol Metab

Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jofem.org

Original Article

Volume 3, Number 1-2, April 2013, pages 16-23

Prognostic Value of Low Diastolic 24-H Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in a Follow-Up of 4.7 Years

Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier curves showing survival-free from global cardiovascular events and stroke, according to Dipper or Reverse Dipper patterns of nocturnal fall.

Figure 2. Rate of occurrence of coronary events according to the quintiles of 24H diastolic blood pressure.

Figure 3. Kaplan-Meier curves showing survival-free from global cardiovascular events in the subgroup with 24H diastolic BP ≥ 75 mmHg, according to different levels of 24H systolic BP.

Figure 4. Rate of occurrence of total cardiovascular events according to the quintiles of 24H diastolic blood pressure (excluding isolated systolic hypertensives).

**Table 1.** Baseline Characteristics of the Population Free From Events Compared With Those With Cardiovascular Events
	Without event (N = 226)	With event (N= 36)	P value	Cardiac event (N =18)	P	Stroke (N = 18)	P
*: Reverse Dippers vs Dippers; BMI: body mass index; ns: non significant.
Age (years)	57.9 ± 10.7	61.1 ±10.1	ns	56.1 ± 9.3	ns	66.2 ± 8.4	0.001
Gender (male/female)	110/116	21/15	ns	14/4	< 0.02	7/11	ns
BMI (kg/m²)	30.1 ± 4.8	30.5 ± 3.5	ns	30.3 ± 3.2	ns	30. 6 ± 3.8	ns
Dyslipidemia (%)	63.3	47.2	ns	55.6	ns	38.9	< 0.05
Casual systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	158 ± 24	165 ± 32	ns	168 ± 27	ns	163 ± 37	ns
Casual diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	93 ± 14	97 ± 14	ns	100 ± 13	< 0.05	94 ± 14	ns
Casual heart rate (bpm)	81 ± 16	80 ± 12	ns	83 ± 11	ns	78 ± 14	ns
24H systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	137 ± 15	139 ± 15	ns	141 ± 16	ns	138 ± 14	ns
24H diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	78 ± 9	80 ± 12	ns	84 ± 10	< 0.01	77 ± 12	ns
24H pulse pressure (mmHg)	59 ± 13	59 ± 12	ns	57 ± 12	ns	61 ± 13	ns
Extreme Dipper/Dipper/Non-Dipper/Reverse Dipper	12/105/86/22	2/9/16/7	ns	1/6/9/2	ns	1/3/7/5	< 0.05*
Medication (%)	82.7	75	ns	77.8	ns	72.2	ns

Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Population Free From Events Compared With Those With Cardiovascular Events

Without event (N = 226)

With event (N= 36)

P value

Cardiac event (N =18)

Stroke (N = 18)

*: Reverse Dippers vs Dippers; BMI: body mass index; ns: non significant.

Age (years)

57.9 ± 10.7

61.1 ±10.1

56.1 ± 9.3

66.2 ± 8.4

0.001

Gender (male/female)

110/116

21/15

14/4

< 0.02

7/11

BMI (kg/m²)

30.1 ± 4.8

30.5 ± 3.5

30.3 ± 3.2

30. 6 ± 3.8

Dyslipidemia (%)

63.3

47.2

55.6

38.9

< 0.05

Casual systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

158 ± 24

165 ± 32

168 ± 27

163 ± 37

Casual diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

93 ± 14

97 ± 14

100 ± 13

< 0.05

94 ± 14

Casual heart rate (bpm)

81 ± 16

80 ± 12

83 ± 11

78 ± 14

24H systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

137 ± 15

139 ± 15

141 ± 16

138 ± 14

24H diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

78 ± 9

80 ± 12

84 ± 10

< 0.01

77 ± 12

24H pulse pressure (mmHg)

59 ± 13

59 ± 12

57 ± 12

61 ± 13

Extreme Dipper/Dipper/Non-Dipper/Reverse Dipper

12/105*/86/22*

2/9/16/7

1/6/9/2

1/3*/7/5*

< 0.05*

Medication (%)

82.7

77.8

72.2

**Table 2.** Characteristics of the Nocturnal Fall Patterns, Showing Significant Differences Only Between the Reverse Dipper and Dipper Patterns, in Relation to Age *
	ED	D	ND	RD	P value
ED: extreme dipper; D: dipper; ND: non-dipper; RD: reverse dipper; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic BP; DBP: diastolic BP; PP: pulse pressure.
Gender (male%)	50	54.4	49	41.4	ns
Age (years)	61.3	56.3	59.1	61.3	< 0.05*
Dyslipidemia (%)	85.7	63.2	60.8	48.3	ns
Medication (%)	78.6	83.3	81.4	75.9	ns
BMI (kg/m²)	32.0	30.9	29.4	28.6	ns
Casual SBP (mmHg)	167	159	159	150	ns
Casual DBP (mmHg)	99	94	93	88	ns
24H SBP (mmHg)	134	134	140	139	ns
24H DBP (mmHg)	75	78	79	78	ns
24H PP (mmHg)	59	57	60	61	ns

Table 2. Characteristics of the Nocturnal Fall Patterns, Showing Significant Differences Only Between the Reverse Dipper and Dipper Patterns, in Relation to Age *

P value

ED: extreme dipper; D: dipper; ND: non-dipper; RD: reverse dipper; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic BP; DBP: diastolic BP; PP: pulse pressure.

Gender (male%)

54.4

41.4

Age (years)

61.3

56.3

59.1

61.3

< 0.05*

Dyslipidemia (%)

85.7

63.2

60.8

48.3

Medication (%)

78.6

83.3

81.4

75.9

BMI (kg/m²)

32.0

30.9

29.4

28.6

Casual SBP (mmHg)

167

159

150

Casual DBP (mmHg)

24H SBP (mmHg)

134

140

139

24H DBP (mmHg)

24H PP (mmHg)