Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc
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Original Article

Volume 6, Number 6, December 2016, pages 167-171


Genetic Ancestry Is Associated With Systolic Blood Pressure and Glucose in Brazilian Children and Adolescents

Tables

Table 1. Anthropometric, Biochemical, Clinical, and Demographic Characteristics of the Ancestral Groups, Predominantly African (PAFR), Predominantly European (PEUR) and Predominantly Mixed (PMIX)
 
VariablePAFR (n = 16), mean (SD)PMIX (n = 122), mean (SD)PEUR (n = 51), mean (SD)P
Data are reported as means ± SD. P value for ANOVA for continuous variables tested for comparison of frequency between ancestral groups. LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.
Proportion of African markers0.705 (0.1)0.374 (0.2)0.119 (0.1)< 0.001
Proportion of Amerindian markers0.113 (0.1)0.202 (0.2)0.090 (0.1)< 0.001
Proportion of European markers0.182 (0.1)0.424 (0.2)0.791 (0.1)< 0.001
Age (years)11.6 (2.0)10.6 (1.9)10.2 (2.2)0.043
Weight (kg)46.5 (15.6)41.8 (14.7)39.9 (15.5)0.306
Height (cm)147.7 (11.7)143.9 (12.2)141.8 (13.8)0.246
Body mass index (kg/m2)20.7 (4.6)19.6 (4.5)19.2 (4.1)0.484
Percentage of body fat (%)32.3 (3.8)31.1 (7.8)29.5 (8.2)0.338
Waist circumference (cm)70.9 (12.0)66.5 (11.3)65.0 (13.0)0.228
Birth weight (kg)3.0 (817.3)3.0 (662.1)3.1 (564.2)0.843
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)67.4 (10.1)63.2 (9.3)60.4 (9.3)0.029
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)107.6 (12.8)102.1 (12.7)97.1 (13.1)0.011
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)161.9 (29.1)165.3 (27.4)168.4 (31.4)0.685
HDL-C (mg/dL)50.7 (10.1)54.8 (12.5)55.2 (14.7)0.455
LDL-C (mg/dL)98.4 (27.6)94.1 (25.8)95.3 (32.6)0.832
Triglycerides (mg/dL)63.6 (36.9)82.0 (37.5)89.6 (68.8)0.167
Glucose (mg/dL)84.0 (8.9)85.9 (8.1)82.2 (7.7)0.025
Insulin (µU/mL)8.2 (4.8)8.8 (8.3)6.9 (3.8)0.415
HOMA-IR1.8 (1.2)1.9 (2.0)1.4 (0.8)0.329

 

Table 2. Simple Linear Regression Analysis for Distribution of Blood Pressure and Glucose Among Different Ancestral Groups Adjusted for Covariates
 
Dependent variableIndependent variablesPAFR, mean (SD)PMIX, mean (SD)PEUR, mean (SD)P
Data are reported as mean ± SD. PAFR: predominantly African; PEUR: predominantly European; PMIX: predominantly mixed; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol; TG: triglycerides. *P value for simple linear regression analysis for distribution of blood pressure and glucose among different ancestral groups adjusted for covariates. a, bSignificant differences between pairs of ancestral groups (PAFR, PMIX, and PEUR).
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)Gender, age65.9 (2.3)63.1 (0.8)61.0 (1.3)0.155
Gender, age, BMI, WC65.7 (2.1)63.2 (0.8)61.1 (1.2)0.143
Gender, age, BMI, WC, glucose, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG66.1 (2.1)a63.3 (0.8)60.9 (1.3)a0.097
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)Gender, age106.4 (3.1)a102.0 (1.1)97.8 (1.8)a0.041
Gender, age, BMI, WC106.3 (3.0)a102.0 (1.1)b98.0 (1.8)a, b0.040
Gender, age, BMI, WC, glucose, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG106.8 (3.1)a102.2 (1.1)b97.3 (1.8)a, b0.015
Glucose (mg/dL)Gender, age83.1 (2.0)85.9 (0.7)a82.6 (1.1)a0.037
Gender, age, BMI, WC83.5 (1.9)85.9 (0.7)a82.1 (1.1)a0.013
Gender, age, BMI, WC, DBP, SBP, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG84.7 (2.0)85.9 (0.7)a81.6 (1.2)a0.009