J Endocrinol Metab

Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jofem.org

Original Article

Volume 1, Number 4, October 2011, pages 188-195

Relationship Between IGF-1 and Cortisol/DHEA-S Ratio in Adult Men With Diabetic Metabolic Syndrome Versus Non-Diabetic Metabolic Syndrome

**Table 1.** Anthropometric and Biochemical Characteristics of Study Subjects
Characteristics	Group 1 (n = 30)	Group 2 (n = 30)	Group 3 (n = 40)
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. * p ≤ 0.05, group 1 vs. group 3; ¤ p ≤ 0.05, group 2 vs. group 3; ¶ p ≤ 0.05, group 1 vs. group 2; Group 1: diabetic metabolic syndrome subjects; Group 2: non-diabetic metabolic syndrome subjects; Group 3: normal controls; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FBG: fasting blood glucose, HOMA: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; LDL-c: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; DHEA-S: dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; IGF-1:insulin like growth factor-1.
Age (years)	42.37 ± 5.05	42.87 ± 5.6	40.4 ± 5.9
BMI (kg/m²)	37 ± 5.3*	36.6 ± 3.9¤	22.2 ± 1.5
WC (cm)	120.3 ± 10.6*	114.4 ± 10.4¤¶	74.5 ± 4.9
SBP (mm Hg)	156.6 ± 14.2*	151.6 ± 12.8¤	111 ± 13.3
DBP (mm Hg)	93.6 ± 8.99*	92.3 ± 6.78¤	70.75 ± 8.6
FBG (mg/dl)	163.4 ± 58.6*	102.3 ± 10.98¤¶	81.05 ± 14.6
Insulin (µU/ml)	25.3 ± 4.08*	19.8 ± 2.6¤¶	7.4 ± 4.6
HOMA	10.8 ± 3.5*	4.9 ± 0.62¤¶	1.4 ± 0.84
TC (mg %)	209.7 ± 36.8 *	182.7 ± 32.3¤¶	157 .5 ± 27.4
TG (mg %)	155.7 ± 55.02*	123.3 ± 29.54¤¶	100.6 ±19.5
LDL-c (mg % )	135.8 ± 37.4*	118.6 ± 28.6¤¶	95.6 ± 20.9
HDL-c (mg %)	36.5 ± 5.1*	42.7 ± 6.4¤¶	52.8 ± 2.1
IGF-1 (ng/ml)	141.8 ± 22.6*	161.7 ± 43.6 ¤¶	211 ± 28.5
Cortisol (nmol/L )	241.7 ± 145.08*	159.1 ± 39.3¤¶	110.5 ± 40.18
DHEA-S (µmol/L)	0.67 ± 0.28*	0.82 ± 0.28¤¶	3.2 ± 3.4
Cortisol/DHEA-S ratio	360.7 ± 117.6*	193.8 ± 31.6¤¶	34.5 ± 11.8

Table 1. Anthropometric and Biochemical Characteristics of Study Subjects

Characteristics

Group 1 (n = 30)

Group 2 (n = 30)

Group 3 (n = 40)

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. * p ≤ 0.05, group 1 vs. group 3; ¤ p ≤ 0.05, group 2 vs. group 3; ¶ p ≤ 0.05, group 1 vs. group 2; Group 1: diabetic metabolic syndrome subjects; Group 2: non-diabetic metabolic syndrome subjects; Group 3: normal controls; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FBG: fasting blood glucose, HOMA: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; LDL-c: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; DHEA-S: dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; IGF-1:insulin like growth factor-1.

Age (years)

42.37 ± 5.05

42.87 ± 5.6

40.4 ± 5.9

BMI (kg/m²)

37 ± 5.3*

36.6 ± 3.9¤

22.2 ± 1.5

WC (cm)

120.3 ± 10.6*

114.4 ± 10.4¤¶

74.5 ± 4.9

SBP (mm Hg)

156.6 ± 14.2*

151.6 ± 12.8¤

111 ± 13.3

DBP (mm Hg)

93.6 ± 8.99*

92.3 ± 6.78¤

70.75 ± 8.6

FBG (mg/dl)

163.4 ± 58.6*

102.3 ± 10.98¤¶

81.05 ± 14.6

Insulin (µU/ml)

25.3 ± 4.08*

19.8 ± 2.6¤¶

7.4 ± 4.6

HOMA

10.8 ± 3.5*

4.9 ± 0.62¤¶

1.4 ± 0.84

TC (mg %)

209.7 ± 36.8 *

182.7 ± 32.3¤¶

157 .5 ± 27.4

TG (mg %)

155.7 ± 55.02*

123.3 ± 29.54¤¶

100.6 ±19.5

LDL-c (mg % )

135.8 ± 37.4*

118.6 ± 28.6¤¶

95.6 ± 20.9

HDL-c (mg %)

36.5 ± 5.1*

42.7 ± 6.4¤¶

52.8 ± 2.1

IGF-1 (ng/ml)

141.8 ± 22.6*

161.7 ± 43.6 ¤¶

211 ± 28.5

Cortisol (nmol/L )

241.7 ± 145.08*

159.1 ± 39.3¤¶

110.5 ± 40.18

DHEA-S (µmol/L)

0.67 ± 0.28*

0.82 ± 0.28¤¶

3.2 ± 3.4

Cortisol/DHEA-S ratio

360.7 ± 117.6*

193.8 ± 31.6¤¶

34.5 ± 11.8

**Table 2.** Correlation Between IGF-1 and Cortisol/ DHEA-S Ratio and Clinical and Metabolic Parameters in Diabetic Metabolic Syndrome Subjects
Characteristics	IGF-1	Cortisol/DHEA-S
* p ≤ 0.05; p < 0.01; * p < 0.001; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FBG: fasting blood glucose, HOMA: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; LDL-c: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; DHEA-S: dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; IGF-1:insulin like growth factor-1.
BMI (kg/m²)	- 0.417	0.03*	0.36	0.04*
WC (cm)	- 0.358	0.05*	0.52	0.03*
SBP (mm Hg)	- 0.477	0.04*	0.48	0.03*
DBP (mm Hg)	- 0.615	< 0.001***	0.67	0.006**
FBG (mg /dl)	- 0.39	0.04*	0.44	0.03*
Insulin (µU/ml)	- 0.52	0.02*	0.55	0.02*
HOMA	- 0.78	< 0.001***	0.63	0.002**
TC (mg %)	- 0.44	0.03*	0.46	0.03*
TG (mg %)	- 0.52	0.02*	0.48	0.04*
LDL-c (mg % )	- 0.59	0.006**	0.52	0.03*
HDL-c (mg %)	0.62	0.009**	- 0.53	0.002*
Cortisol (nmol/L )	- 0.72	< 0.001***	0.69	< 0.001***
DHEA-S (µmol/L)	0.47	0.04*	- 0.55	0.003**
Cortisol/DHEA-S ratio	- 0.85	< 0.001***	-	-

Table 2. Correlation Between IGF-1 and Cortisol/ DHEA-S Ratio and Clinical and Metabolic Parameters in Diabetic Metabolic Syndrome Subjects

Characteristics

IGF-1

Cortisol/DHEA-S

P-value

* p ≤ 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FBG: fasting blood glucose, HOMA: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; LDL-c: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; DHEA-S: dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; IGF-1:insulin like growth factor-1.

BMI (kg/m²)

- 0.417

0.03*

0.36

0.04*

WC (cm)

- 0.358

0.05*

0.52

0.03*

SBP (mm Hg)

- 0.477

0.04*

0.48

0.03*

DBP (mm Hg)

- 0.615

< 0.001***

0.67

0.006**

FBG (mg /dl)

- 0.39

0.04*

0.44

0.03*

Insulin (µU/ml)

- 0.52

0.02*

0.55

0.02*

HOMA

- 0.78

< 0.001***

0.63

0.002**

TC (mg %)

- 0.44

0.03*

0.46

0.03*

TG (mg %)

- 0.52

0.02*

0.48

0.04*

LDL-c (mg % )

- 0.59

0.006**

0.52

0.03*

HDL-c (mg %)

0.62

0.009**

- 0.53

0.002*

Cortisol (nmol/L )

- 0.72

< 0.001***

0.69

< 0.001***

DHEA-S (µmol/L)

0.47

0.04*

- 0.55

0.003**

Cortisol/DHEA-S ratio

- 0.85

< 0.001***

**Table 3.** Multiple Regression Analysis With IGF-1 and Cortisol/ DHEA-S as the Dependent Variables and Other Parameters as the Independent Variables in Diabetic Metabolic Syndrome Subjects
Characteristics	IGF-1	Cortisol/DHEA-S
* p ≤ 0.05; p < 0.01; * p < 0.001; β is standardized β co-efficiency; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FBG: fasting blood glucose, HOMA: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; LDL-c: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; DHEA-S: dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; IGF-1:insulin like growth factor-1.
BMI (kg/m²)	- 0.21	0.25	0.01	0.9
WC (cm)	- 0.31	0.03*	0.06	0.7
SBP (mm Hg)	- 0.31	0.04*	0.36	0.02*
DBP (mm Hg)	- 0.37	0.01*	0.35	0.01*
FBG (mg/dl)	- 0.58	0.009**	0.69	< 0.001***
Insulin (µU/ml)	- 0.16	0.4	0.36	0.01*
HOMA	- 0.61	0.005**	0.55	0.002**
TC (mg %)	- 0.14	0.4	0.05	0.7
TG (mg %)	- 0.12	0.4	0.32	0.03**
LDL-c (mg % )	- 0.01	0.9	0.92	0.1
HDL-c (mg %)	0.23	0.2	- 0.39	0.01*
Cortisol (nmol/L )	- 0.29	0.03*	0.26	0.04*
DHEA-S (µmol/L)	0.49	0.01*	- 0.29	0.04*
Cortisol/DHEA-S ratio	- 0.35	0.02*	-	-

Table 3. Multiple Regression Analysis With IGF-1 and Cortisol/ DHEA-S as the Dependent Variables and Other Parameters as the Independent Variables in Diabetic Metabolic Syndrome Subjects

Characteristics

IGF-1

Cortisol/DHEA-S

P-value

* p ≤ 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; β is standardized β co-efficiency; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FBG: fasting blood glucose, HOMA: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; LDL-c: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; DHEA-S: dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; IGF-1:insulin like growth factor-1.

BMI (kg/m²)

- 0.21

0.25

0.01

0.9

WC (cm)

- 0.31

0.03*

0.06

0.7

SBP (mm Hg)

- 0.31

0.04*

0.36

0.02*

DBP (mm Hg)

- 0.37

0.01*

0.35

0.01*

FBG (mg/dl)

- 0.58

0.009**

0.69

< 0.001***

Insulin (µU/ml)

- 0.16

0.4

0.36

0.01*

HOMA

- 0.61

0.005**

0.55

0.002**

TC (mg %)

- 0.14

0.4

0.05

0.7

TG (mg %)

- 0.12

0.4

0.32

0.03**

LDL-c (mg % )

- 0.01

0.9

0.92

0.1

HDL-c (mg %)

0.23

0.2

- 0.39

0.01*

Cortisol (nmol/L )

- 0.29

0.03*

0.26

0.04*

DHEA-S (µmol/L)

0.49

0.01*

- 0.29

0.04*

Cortisol/DHEA-S ratio

- 0.35

0.02*