J Endocrinol Metab

Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jofem.org

Original Article

Volume 8, Number 4, August 2018, pages 69-75

Clinical Aspects of Central Obesity at a Public Clinic

**Table 1.** Demographic and Economic Profile of Women With Central Obesity Treated at the EWLE^a Project at EBMSP^b, in Salvador, Bahia (N = 89)
Variables	Mean value ± SD	N	%
^aEWLE: Research Project of People with Excess Weight. ^bEBMSP: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica. *MW (minimum wage): amounts expressed in Brazilian reais, prevailing in 2015 (R$ 788.00). N: number of participants.
Age (years)	48.5 ± 12.4
19 - 39		27	30.3
40 - 59		51	57.3
≥ 60		11	12.3
Skin color (self-referred)
White		12.5	11
Brown		48.8	45
Black		37.5	33
Schooling
Illiterate		1	1.1
Incomplete elementary school		35	38.8
Incomplete secondary school		49	54.4
Complete secondary school		4	5.5
Marital status
Living with a partner		66	74.1
No partner		23	25.8
Family income*
< 1.5		23	25.8
1.5 - 2.5		57	64
2.5 - 3.0		8	0.9

Table 1. Demographic and Economic Profile of Women With Central Obesity Treated at the EWLE^a Project at EBMSP^b, in Salvador, Bahia (N = 89)

Variables

Mean value ± SD

^aEWLE: Research Project of People with Excess Weight. ^bEBMSP: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica. *MW (minimum wage): amounts expressed in Brazilian reais, prevailing in 2015 (R$ 788.00). N: number of participants.

Age (years)

48.5 ± 12.4

19 - 39

30.3

40 - 59

57.3

≥ 60

12.3

Skin color (self-referred)

White

12.5

Brown

48.8

Black

37.5

Schooling

Illiterate

1.1

Incomplete elementary school

38.8

Incomplete secondary school

54.4

Complete secondary school

5.5

Marital status

Living with a partner

74.1

No partner

25.8

Family income*

< 1.5

25.8

1.5 - 2.5

2.5 - 3.0

0.9

**Table 2.** Results After Accompaniment of Quarterly Outpatient Nutritional Intervention* for 48 months, of Daily Consumption of Macronutrients, Fibers and Energy in Women With Central Obesity Treated at the EWLE^a Project at EBMSP^b, in Salvador, Bahia (N = 89)
Macronutrients	N (%)	Initial mean value ± SD	N (%)	Final mean value ± SD	P^†
^aEWLE: Research Project of People with Excess Weight. ^bEBMSP: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica. ^†P values obtained through the comparison of initial and final data by means of the Student’s t-test. Statistical significance level established at P < 0.05. Recommended values of macronutrients for a balanced diet. *Minimum daily recommendation of fibers in accordance with the Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia SBC (Brazilian Society of Cardiology).
Carbohydrates (g)*		231.5 ± 97.5		215.6 ± 63.6	0.002
< 55%	28 (31.46)		39 (43.18)
> 75%	10 (11.24)		0
55-75%	51 (57.3)		50 (56.82)
Lipids (g)*		35.5 ± 23.2		36.62 ± 22.14	0.74
< 15%	25 (28.09)		18 (20.45)
> 30%	52 (58.43)		6 (5.69)
15-30%	12 (13.48)		65 (73.86)
Protein (g)*		64.5 ± 27.6		69.5 ± 31.54	0.26
< 10%	7 (7.86)		3 (3.41)
> 15%	61 (68.54)		59 (65.9)
10-15%	21 (23.6)		27 (30.68)
Fibers (g)**		11.83 ± 6.14		16.4 ± 3.96	0.04
< 21g	80 (89.9)		89 (100)
Energy (kcal)*	89 (100)	1495.2 ± 602.5	89 (100)	1469.9 ± 468.9	0.76

Table 2. Results After Accompaniment of Quarterly Outpatient Nutritional Intervention* for 48 months, of Daily Consumption of Macronutrients, Fibers and Energy in Women With Central Obesity Treated at the EWLE^a Project at EBMSP^b, in Salvador, Bahia (N = 89)

Macronutrients

N (%)

Initial mean value ± SD

N (%)

Final mean value ± SD

P^†

^aEWLE: Research Project of People with Excess Weight. ^bEBMSP: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica. ^†P values obtained through the comparison of initial and final data by means of the Student’s t-test. Statistical significance level established at P < 0.05. *Recommended values of macronutrients for a balanced diet. **Minimum daily recommendation of fibers in accordance with the Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia SBC (Brazilian Society of Cardiology).

Carbohydrates (g)*

231.5 ± 97.5

215.6 ± 63.6

0.002

< 55%

28 (31.46)

39 (43.18)

> 75%

10 (11.24)

55-75%

51 (57.3)

50 (56.82)

Lipids (g)*

35.5 ± 23.2

36.62 ± 22.14

0.74

< 15%

25 (28.09)

18 (20.45)

> 30%

52 (58.43)

6 (5.69)

15-30%

12 (13.48)

65 (73.86)

Protein (g)*

64.5 ± 27.6

69.5 ± 31.54

0.26

< 10%

7 (7.86)

3 (3.41)

> 15%

61 (68.54)

59 (65.9)

10-15%

21 (23.6)

27 (30.68)

Fibers (g)**

11.83 ± 6.14

16.4 ± 3.96

0.04

< 21g

80 (89.9)

89 (100)

Energy (kcal)*

89 (100)

1495.2 ± 602.5

89 (100)

1469.9 ± 468.9

0.76

**Table 3.** Anthropometric Data, Body Composition, Biochemical and Baseline Metabolic Rates of Women With Central Obesity Treated at the EWLE^a Project at EBMSP^b, in Salvador, Bahia (N = 89)
Variables	Baseline mean value ± SD	Final mean value ± SD	P^*	Variables	Mean value ± SD
^aEWLE: Research Project of People with Excess Weight. ^bEBMSP: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica. ^*P values obtained through the comparison of initial and final data by means of the Student’s t-test. Statistical significance level established at P < 0.05. BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; BMR: baseline metabolic rate; TEE: total energy expenditure.
Weight (kg)	85 ± 15.1	85.46 ± 16.4	0.86	% Weight loss (WL)	1.06 ± 6.4
BMI (kg/m²)	34.2 ± 5.5	34.3 ± 5.8	0.92	% Excess weight loss (EWL)	4.09 ± 21.8
WC (cm)	106 ± 12.5	100.2 ± 11.38	0.003	% BMI loss	1.06 ± 6.5
Body fat (%)	43.2 ± 7.7	40.9 ± 6.4	0.04	Ideal weight (IW)	53.4 ± 3.66
Lean mass (kg)	25.9 ± 4.2	27.8 ± 2.7	0.68	Height	1.58 ± 0.05
Body water	32.5 ± 4.9	36.5 ± 5.1	0.05	Ideal BMI	21.5
BMR	1,461.6 ± 184.9	1,581.1 ± 187.6	0.53
TEE	2,101 ± 314.8	2,099.7 ± 331.7	0.78

Table 3. Anthropometric Data, Body Composition, Biochemical and Baseline Metabolic Rates of Women With Central Obesity Treated at the EWLE^a Project at EBMSP^b, in Salvador, Bahia (N = 89)

Variables

Baseline mean value ± SD

Final mean value ± SD

P^*

Variables

Mean value ± SD

^aEWLE: Research Project of People with Excess Weight. ^bEBMSP: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica. ^*P values obtained through the comparison of initial and final data by means of the Student’s t-test. Statistical significance level established at P < 0.05. BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; BMR: baseline metabolic rate; TEE: total energy expenditure.

Weight (kg)

85 ± 15.1

85.46 ± 16.4

0.86

% Weight loss (WL)

1.06 ± 6.4

BMI (kg/m²)

34.2 ± 5.5

34.3 ± 5.8

0.92

% Excess weight loss (EWL)

4.09 ± 21.8

WC (cm)

106 ± 12.5

100.2 ± 11.38

0.003

% BMI loss

1.06 ± 6.5

Body fat (%)

43.2 ± 7.7

40.9 ± 6.4

0.04

Ideal weight (IW)

53.4 ± 3.66

Lean mass (kg)

25.9 ± 4.2

27.8 ± 2.7

0.68

Height

1.58 ± 0.05

Body water

32.5 ± 4.9

36.5 ± 5.1

0.05

Ideal BMI

21.5

BMR

1,461.6 ± 184.9

1,581.1 ± 187.6

0.53

TEE

2,101 ± 314.8

2,099.7 ± 331.7

0.78

**Table 4.** Laboratorial Characteristics of Women With Central Obesity Treated at the EWLE^a Project at EBMSP^b, in Salvador, Bahia (N = 89)
Variables	N	%	Initial mean value	SD	Min	Max	N	%	Final mean value	SD	Min	Max	P^†
^aEWLE: Research Project of People with Excess Weight. ^bEBMSP: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica. ^†P values obtained through the comparison of initial and final data by means of the Student’s t-test. Statistical significance level established at P < 0.05. ^Brazilian guideline on Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Atherosclerosis (2017). ^*Guideline of Brazilian Cardiology Files (2017).
HbA1c			7.2	1.4	4.4	15.4			7.3	1.4	7.3	10.8	0.04
≥ 6.5	69	75.52					16	17.97
Fasting glycemia*			124.9	42.9	100	300			100.3	22.4	100	195	0.05
> 100 mg/dL	56	62.9					29	32.58
Hypercholesterolemia**			230	32.4	200	326			235.8	38.4	219	332	0.06
> 200 mg/dL	22	24.7					28	31.46
Hypertriglyceridemia**			179.8	63.8	150	347			168.8	6	160	320	0.07
> 150 mg/dL	37	41.57					14	15.73
HDL - cholesterol**			64.7	9.6	60	73			61	11.6	61	84
> 60 mg/dL	25	28.08					31	34.83
LDL - cholesterol**			126.8	33.5	110	256.2			118.9	30.8	110	201	0.04
> 100 mg/dL	69	77.52					50	56.17

Table 4. Laboratorial Characteristics of Women With Central Obesity Treated at the EWLE^a Project at EBMSP^b, in Salvador, Bahia (N = 89)

Variables

Initial mean value

Min

Max

Final mean value

Min

Max

P^†

^aEWLE: Research Project of People with Excess Weight. ^bEBMSP: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica. ^†P values obtained through the comparison of initial and final data by means of the Student’s t-test. Statistical significance level established at P < 0.05. ^*Brazilian guideline on Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Atherosclerosis (2017). ^**Guideline of Brazilian Cardiology Files (2017).

HbA1c

7.2

1.4

4.4

15.4

7.3

1.4

7.3

10.8

0.04

≥ 6.5

75.52

17.97

Fasting glycemia*

124.9

42.9

100

300

100.3

22.4

100

195

0.05

> 100 mg/dL

62.9

32.58

Hypercholesterolemia**

230

32.4

200

326

235.8

38.4

219

332

0.06

> 200 mg/dL

24.7

31.46

Hypertriglyceridemia**

179.8

63.8

150

347

168.8

160

320

0.07

> 150 mg/dL

41.57

15.73

HDL - cholesterol**

64.7

9.6

11.6

> 60 mg/dL

28.08

34.83

LDL - cholesterol**

126.8

33.5

110

256.2

118.9

30.8

110

201

0.04

> 100 mg/dL

77.52

56.17