J Endocrinol Metab

Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jofem.org

Original Article

Volume 9, Number 1-2, April 2019, pages 18-21

Effects of Metformin Monotherapy on Metabolic Parameters in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

**Table 1.** Clinical and Laboratory Data of Patients Studied at Baseline (N = 22)
Data of Patients	Values
ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate transaminase; BP: blood pressure; eGFR: estimate glomerular filtration rate; γGTP: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C: low- density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride.
Clinical data
Age (years old)	51.4 ± 13.1
Sex (male, n and %)	14 (64%)
Family history of diabetes (n (%))	12 (55%)
Body height (cm)	167 ± 10
Body weight (kg)	77.4 ± 14.3
Body mass index (kg/m²)	27.8 ± 4.3
Waist circumference (cm)	98.2 ± 10.9
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	140 ± 15
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	87 ± 14
Daily metformin dose (mg)	568 ± 172
Laboratory data
AST (IU/L)	29 ± 15
ALT (IU/L)	39 ± 23
γGTP (IU/L)	65 ± 47
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	177 ± 65
HbA1c (%)	8.2 ± 1.5
TC (mg/dL)	221 ± 34
TG (mg/dL)	199 ± 133
HDL-C (mg/dL)	40 ± 10
LDL-C (mg/dL)	146 ± 25
non-HDL-C (mg/dL)	168 ± 28
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.73 ± 0.17
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²)	87 ± 26

Table 1. Clinical and Laboratory Data of Patients Studied at Baseline (N = 22)

Data of Patients

Values

ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate transaminase; BP: blood pressure; eGFR: estimate glomerular filtration rate; γGTP: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C: low- density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride.

Clinical data

Age (years old)

51.4 ± 13.1

Sex (male, n and %)

14 (64%)

Family history of diabetes (n (%))

12 (55%)

Body height (cm)

167 ± 10

Body weight (kg)

77.4 ± 14.3

Body mass index (kg/m²)

27.8 ± 4.3

Waist circumference (cm)

98.2 ± 10.9

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

140 ± 15

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

87 ± 14

Daily metformin dose (mg)

568 ± 172

Laboratory data

AST (IU/L)

29 ± 15

ALT (IU/L)

39 ± 23

γGTP (IU/L)

65 ± 47

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

177 ± 65

HbA1c (%)

8.2 ± 1.5

TC (mg/dL)

221 ± 34

TG (mg/dL)

199 ± 133

HDL-C (mg/dL)

40 ± 10

LDL-C (mg/dL)

146 ± 25

non-HDL-C (mg/dL)

168 ± 28

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.73 ± 0.17

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²)

87 ± 26

**Table 2.** Changes in Metabolic Parameters After the 3-Month Metformin Monotherapy
	n	Before metformin use	After 3 months	P values
ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate transaminase; BP: blood pressure; eGFR: estimate glomerular filtration rate; γGTP: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride.
Body weight (kg)	22	77.4 ± 14.3	75.5 ± 14.3	0.04
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	16	141 ± 16	129 ± 13	0.02
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	16	87 ± 14	77 ± 9	0.08
AST (IU/L)	22	29 ± 15	24 ± 9	0.026
ALT (IU/L)	22	39 ± 23	30 ± 15	0.026
γGTP (IU/L)	17	60 ± 43	50 ± 47	0.002
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	22	177 ± 65	142 ± 31	0.043
HbA1c (%)	22	8.2 ± 1.5	6.9 ± 0.8	< 0.001
TC (mg/dL)	11	208 ± 25	191 ± 33	0.061
TG (mg/dL)	14	167 ± 70	165 ± 86	0.845
HDL-C (mg/dL)	14	50 ± 12	49 ± 11	0.696
LDL-C (mg/dL)	5	152 ± 22	121 ± 27	0.001
non-HDL-C (mg/dL)	11	159 ± 22	143 ± 34	0.062
Creatinine (mg/dL)	22	0.73 ± 0.17	0.74 ± 0.18	0.112
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²)	22	87 ± 26	84 ± 26	0.14

Table 2. Changes in Metabolic Parameters After the 3-Month Metformin Monotherapy

Before metformin use

After 3 months

P values

ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate transaminase; BP: blood pressure; eGFR: estimate glomerular filtration rate; γGTP: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride.

Body weight (kg)

77.4 ± 14.3

75.5 ± 14.3

0.04

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

141 ± 16

129 ± 13

0.02

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

87 ± 14

77 ± 9

0.08

AST (IU/L)

29 ± 15

24 ± 9

0.026

ALT (IU/L)

39 ± 23

30 ± 15

0.026

γGTP (IU/L)

60 ± 43

50 ± 47

0.002

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

177 ± 65

142 ± 31

0.043

HbA1c (%)

8.2 ± 1.5

6.9 ± 0.8

< 0.001

TC (mg/dL)

208 ± 25

191 ± 33

0.061

TG (mg/dL)

167 ± 70

165 ± 86

0.845

HDL-C (mg/dL)

50 ± 12

49 ± 11

0.696

LDL-C (mg/dL)

152 ± 22

121 ± 27

0.001

non-HDL-C (mg/dL)

159 ± 22

143 ± 34

0.062

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.73 ± 0.17

0.74 ± 0.18

0.112

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²)

87 ± 26

84 ± 26

0.14

**Table 3.** Comparison in Changes in Metabolic Parameters After the 3-Month Metformin Monotherapy Between Patients With BMI ≥ 25 and BMI < 25
	BMI ≥ 25 (n = 14)	BMI < 25 (n = 8)
ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate transaminase; BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; eGFR: estimate glomerular filtration rate; γGTP: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride.
Body weight (kg)	83.5 ± 13.6	81.5 ± 13.7	0.044	66.6 ± 5.5	65.0 ± 7.8	0.411
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	139 ± 10	129 ± 14	0.079	142 ± 21	130 ± 10	0.163
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	89 ± 17	78 ± 10	0.288	84 ± 8	76 ± 7	0.113
AST (IU/L)	32 ± 13	26 ± 9	0.07	24 ± 17	19 ± 7	0.246
ALT (IU/L)	44 ± 20	35 ± 14	0.08	29 ± 25	22 ± 13	0.203
γGTP (IU/L)	86 ± 52	64 ± 52	0.06	38 ± 18	28 ± 14	0.018
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)	178 ± 72	144 ± 38	0.19	178 ± 49	139 ± 25	0.043
HbA1c (%)	7.9 ± 1.4	6.9 ± 0.9	0.007	8.8 ± 1.5	7.0 ± 0.8	0.005
TC (mg/dL)	205 ± 29	193 ± 35	0.267	214 ± 8	183 ± 25	0.137
TG (mg/dL)	194 ± 49	189 ± 81	0.762	70 ± 47	77 ± 27	0.678
HDL-C (mg/dL)	47 ± 11	49 ± 12	0.37	59 ± 10	52 ± 5	0.172
LDL-C (mg/dL)	129 ± 12	93 ± 12	0.009	168 ± 10	140 ± 14	0.04
non-HDL-C (mg/dL)	120 ± 22	107 ± 29	0.203	141 ± 12	116 ± 25	0.206
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.69 ± 0.15	0.68 ± 0.16	0.379	0.79 ± 0.18	0.84 ± 0.17	0.209
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²)	92 ± 30	90 ± 30	0.514	78 ± 16	72 ± 11	0.164

Table 3. Comparison in Changes in Metabolic Parameters After the 3-Month Metformin Monotherapy Between Patients With BMI ≥ 25 and BMI < 25

BMI ≥ 25 (n = 14)

BMI < 25 (n = 8)

Before

After 3 months

P values

Before

After 3 months

P values

ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate transaminase; BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; eGFR: estimate glomerular filtration rate; γGTP: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride.

Body weight (kg)

83.5 ± 13.6

81.5 ± 13.7

0.044

66.6 ± 5.5

65.0 ± 7.8

0.411

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

139 ± 10

129 ± 14

0.079

142 ± 21

130 ± 10

0.163

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

89 ± 17

78 ± 10

0.288

84 ± 8

76 ± 7

0.113

AST (IU/L)

32 ± 13

26 ± 9

0.07

24 ± 17

19 ± 7

0.246

ALT (IU/L)

44 ± 20

35 ± 14

0.08

29 ± 25

22 ± 13

0.203

γGTP (IU/L)

86 ± 52

64 ± 52

0.06

38 ± 18

28 ± 14

0.018

Plasma glucose (mg/dL)

178 ± 72

144 ± 38

0.19

178 ± 49

139 ± 25

0.043

HbA1c (%)

7.9 ± 1.4

6.9 ± 0.9

0.007

8.8 ± 1.5

7.0 ± 0.8

0.005

TC (mg/dL)

205 ± 29

193 ± 35

0.267

214 ± 8

183 ± 25

0.137

TG (mg/dL)

194 ± 49

189 ± 81

0.762

70 ± 47

77 ± 27

0.678

HDL-C (mg/dL)

47 ± 11

49 ± 12

0.37

59 ± 10

52 ± 5

0.172

LDL-C (mg/dL)

129 ± 12

93 ± 12

0.009

168 ± 10

140 ± 14

0.04

non-HDL-C (mg/dL)

120 ± 22

107 ± 29

0.203

141 ± 12

116 ± 25

0.206

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.69 ± 0.15

0.68 ± 0.16

0.379

0.79 ± 0.18

0.84 ± 0.17

0.209

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²)

92 ± 30

90 ± 30

0.514

78 ± 16

72 ± 11

0.164