J Endocrinol Metab

Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jofem.org

Original Article

Volume 9, Number 4, August 2019, pages 90-94

Dapagliflozin Add-On Therapy Improves Body Composition and Metabolic Parameters in Overweight Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Pilot Study

**Table 1.** Baseline Characteristics of Two Groups
	Group A: metformin+ insulin (n = 25)	Group B: metformin (n = 31)
The difference was not significant for each variable. ASA: acetylsalicylic acid; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; TC: total cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides; Hct: hematocrit; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; AER: albumin excretion rate; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; AST: aspartate transaminase; ALT: alanine transaminase; FM: fat mass; FFM: fat free mass; TBW: total body water; ECW: extra-cellular water; pA: phase angle.
Age (years)	56 ± 10.8	60 ±11
Diabetes duration (years)	16 ± 3	15 ± 2
Antiplatelets (ASA)	22/25	26/31
Statins	23/25	27/31
Antihypertensive drugs	24/25	28/31
Weight (kg)	90.7 ± 13.1	90.4 ± 12.4
BMI (kg/m²)	34.4 ± 8.3	31.2 ± 4.5
WC (cm)	111.1 ± 18.5	110.3 ± 13
FPG (mg/dL)	179 ± 65	168 ± 35
HbA1c (mmol/mol)	74 ± 11.8 (8.9±1.9%)	66 ± 6.2 (8.2±1%)
TC (mg/dL)	174.4 ± 35.1	186.7 ± 56.4
HDL (mg/dL)	48.3 ± 19.7	50.0 ± 18
TG (mg/dL)	156.0 ± 123.2	182.7 ± 67.5
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.8 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.2
Hct (%)	41 ± 3.0	40 ± 3.4
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	82.4 ± 23.4	83.7 ± 20.3
AER (µg/min)	56 ± 12.2	49.0 ± 11.9
BUN (mg/dL)	31.2 ± 7.1	33.5 ± 12.9
AST (U/L)	23.9 ± 6.1	21.5 ± 3.8
ALT (U/L)	25 ± 8.8	24.2 ± 5.9
FM (kg)	30.5 ± 7.9	30.0 ± 6.2
FFM (kg)	60.2 ± 5.2	60.4 ± 6.2
TBW (L)	42.2 ± 7	43.1 ± 4.4
ECW (L)	39.1 ± 4	39.2 ± 4.1
pA (°)	5.3 ± 0.8	5.2 ± 0.7

Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Two Groups

Group A: metformin+ insulin (n = 25)

Group B: metformin (n = 31)

The difference was not significant for each variable. ASA: acetylsalicylic acid; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; TC: total cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides; Hct: hematocrit; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; AER: albumin excretion rate; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; AST: aspartate transaminase; ALT: alanine transaminase; FM: fat mass; FFM: fat free mass; TBW: total body water; ECW: extra-cellular water; pA: phase angle.

Age (years)

56 ± 10.8

60 ±11

Diabetes duration (years)

16 ± 3

15 ± 2

Antiplatelets (ASA)

22/25

26/31

Statins

23/25

27/31

Antihypertensive drugs

24/25

28/31

Weight (kg)

90.7 ± 13.1

90.4 ± 12.4

BMI (kg/m²)

34.4 ± 8.3

31.2 ± 4.5

WC (cm)

111.1 ± 18.5

110.3 ± 13

FPG (mg/dL)

179 ± 65

168 ± 35

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

74 ± 11.8 (8.9±1.9%)

66 ± 6.2 (8.2±1%)

TC (mg/dL)

174.4 ± 35.1

186.7 ± 56.4

HDL (mg/dL)

48.3 ± 19.7

50.0 ± 18

TG (mg/dL)

156.0 ± 123.2

182.7 ± 67.5

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.8 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.2

Hct (%)

41 ± 3.0

40 ± 3.4

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

82.4 ± 23.4

83.7 ± 20.3

AER (µg/min)

56 ± 12.2

49.0 ± 11.9

BUN (mg/dL)

31.2 ± 7.1

33.5 ± 12.9

AST (U/L)

23.9 ± 6.1

21.5 ± 3.8

ALT (U/L)

25 ± 8.8

24.2 ± 5.9

FM (kg)

30.5 ± 7.9

30.0 ± 6.2

FFM (kg)

60.2 ± 5.2

60.4 ± 6.2

TBW (L)

42.2 ± 7

43.1 ± 4.4

ECW (L)

39.1 ± 4

39.2 ± 4.1

pA (°)

5.3 ± 0.8

5.2 ± 0.7

**Table 2.** Anthropometric, Biochemical and Bioelectrical Measures of the Two Groups at T0 and T1 After 16 Treatment Weeks
	Group A: metformin + insulin (n = 25)	Group B: metformin (n = 31)
BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; TC: total cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides; Hct: hematocrit; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; AER: albumin excretion rate; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; AST: aspartate transaminase; ALT: alanine transaminase; BIA: bioelectrical impedance analysis; FM: fat mass; FFM: fat free mass; TBW: total body water; ECW: extra-cellular water; pA: phase angle.
Age (years)	56 ± 10.8			60 ± 11
Weight (kg)	90.7 ± 13.1	88.2 ± 16.3	< 0.0001	90.4 ± 12.4	87.0 ± 13.6	< 0.0001
BMI (kg/m²)	34.4 ± 8.3	33.4 ± 8.2	< 0.0001	31.2 ± 4.5	30 ± 3.4	< 0.0001
WC (cm)	111.1 ± 18.5	108.9 ± 18.7	< 0.0001	110.3 ± 13	107.5 ± 12.9	< 0.0001
FPG (mg/dL)	179 ± 65	136 ± 49	0.007	168 ± 35	139 ± 24	< 0.0001
HbA1c (mmol/mol)	74 ± 11.8 (8.9±1.9%)	64 ± 10.5 (8.0±1.7%)	< 0.0001	66 ± 6.2 (8.2±1%)	56 ± 5.58 (7.3±0.9%)	< 0.0001
TC (mg/dL)	174.4 ± 35.1	161 ± 31.7	ns	186.7 ± 56.4	177 ± 45.3	ns
HDL (mg/dL)	48.3 ± 19.7	49.2 ± 18.1	ns	50.0 ± 18	51.5 ± 18.6	ns
TG (mg/dL)	156.0 ± 123.2	133.3 ± 123.8	0.002	182.7 ± 67.5	149.8 ± 54.9	0.002
Hct (%)	41 ± 3.0	41 ± 2.9	ns	40 ± 3.4	41 ± 3.0	ns
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.8 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.1	ns	0.9 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.2	ns
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	82.4 ± 23.4	87.8 ± 16.9	ns	83.7 ± 20.3	88.5 ± 22.1	ns
AER (µg/min)	56 ± 12.2	42 ± 11	ns	49.0 ± 11.9	36 ± 11.2	ns
BUN (mg/dL)	31.2 ± 7.1	32.1 ± 9.8	ns	33.5 ± 12.9	33 ± 12.8	ns
AST (U/L)	23.9 ± 6.1	24.1 ± 6.8	ns	21.5 ± 3.8	21.9 ± 3.6	ns
ALT (U/L)	25 ± 8.8	23.2 ± 9.3	ns	24.2 ± 5.9	22.1 ± 6	ns
BIA
FM (kg)	30.5 ± 7.9	28.2 ± 8.2	< 0.001	30.0 ± 6.2	26.4 ± 7.0	< 0.001
FFM (kg)	60.2 ± 5.2	59.5 ± 8.1	ns	60.4 ± 6.2	59.3 ± 6.6	ns
TBW (L)	42.2 ± 7	40.6 ± 7.9	ns	43.1 ± 4.4	40.9 ± 4.9	ns
ECW (L)	39.1 ± 4	37.3 ± 3	ns	39.2 ± 4.1	35.7 ± 4.2	0.021
pA (°)	5.3 ± 0.8	5.5 ± 0.5	ns	5.2 ± 0.7	5.6 ± 0.6	ns

Table 2. Anthropometric, Biochemical and Bioelectrical Measures of the Two Groups at T0 and T1 After 16 Treatment Weeks

Group A: metformin + insulin (n = 25)

Group B: metformin (n = 31)

P-value

BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; TC: total cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides; Hct: hematocrit; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; AER: albumin excretion rate; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; AST: aspartate transaminase; ALT: alanine transaminase; BIA: bioelectrical impedance analysis; FM: fat mass; FFM: fat free mass; TBW: total body water; ECW: extra-cellular water; pA: phase angle.

Age (years)

56 ± 10.8

60 ± 11

Weight (kg)

90.7 ± 13.1

88.2 ± 16.3

< 0.0001

90.4 ± 12.4

87.0 ± 13.6

< 0.0001

BMI (kg/m²)

34.4 ± 8.3

33.4 ± 8.2

< 0.0001

31.2 ± 4.5

30 ± 3.4

< 0.0001

WC (cm)

111.1 ± 18.5

108.9 ± 18.7

< 0.0001

110.3 ± 13

107.5 ± 12.9

< 0.0001

FPG (mg/dL)

179 ± 65

136 ± 49

0.007

168 ± 35

139 ± 24

< 0.0001

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

74 ± 11.8 (8.9±1.9%)

64 ± 10.5 (8.0±1.7%)

< 0.0001

66 ± 6.2 (8.2±1%)

56 ± 5.58 (7.3±0.9%)

< 0.0001

TC (mg/dL)

174.4 ± 35.1

161 ± 31.7

186.7 ± 56.4

177 ± 45.3

HDL (mg/dL)

48.3 ± 19.7

49.2 ± 18.1

50.0 ± 18

51.5 ± 18.6

TG (mg/dL)

156.0 ± 123.2

133.3 ± 123.8

0.002

182.7 ± 67.5

149.8 ± 54.9

0.002

Hct (%)

41 ± 3.0

41 ± 2.9

40 ± 3.4

41 ± 3.0

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.8 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.2

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

82.4 ± 23.4

87.8 ± 16.9

83.7 ± 20.3

88.5 ± 22.1

AER (µg/min)

56 ± 12.2

42 ± 11

49.0 ± 11.9

36 ± 11.2

BUN (mg/dL)

31.2 ± 7.1

32.1 ± 9.8

33.5 ± 12.9

33 ± 12.8

AST (U/L)

23.9 ± 6.1

24.1 ± 6.8

21.5 ± 3.8

21.9 ± 3.6

ALT (U/L)

25 ± 8.8

23.2 ± 9.3

24.2 ± 5.9

22.1 ± 6

BIA

FM (kg)

30.5 ± 7.9

28.2 ± 8.2

< 0.001

30.0 ± 6.2

26.4 ± 7.0

< 0.001

FFM (kg)

60.2 ± 5.2

59.5 ± 8.1

60.4 ± 6.2

59.3 ± 6.6

TBW (L)

42.2 ± 7

40.6 ± 7.9

43.1 ± 4.4

40.9 ± 4.9

ECW (L)

39.1 ± 4

37.3 ± 3

39.2 ± 4.1

35.7 ± 4.2

0.021

pA (°)

5.3 ± 0.8

5.5 ± 0.5

5.2 ± 0.7

5.6 ± 0.6