J Endocrinol Metab

Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.jofem.org

Original Article

Volume 2, Number 1, February 2012, pages 1-10

Apparent Sex-Specific Divergence of Acylation Stimulating Protein Levels With Respect to Metabolic Parameters of Pathogenetic and Clinical Relevance

Figure 1. Geometric mean of plasma ASP concentrations in women (lower panel) and men (upper panel) without and with CHD, metabolic syndrome (MetS), Type-2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension (HT). Levels were non-significantly higher in men with MetS and Type-2 diabetes than without. Otherwise, including overall in women, ASP concentrations were non-significantly lower in the presence of cardiometabolic disorders. Analysis used log-transformed ASP values.

**Table 1.** Characteristics of the Study Population According to Sex
	Unit	Women n = 94	Men n = 130	P-value
Age	year	52.2	12.9	51.0	11.1	NS
Waist	cm	95.3	15.5	97.8	10.4	NS
Height	cm	156.2	6.6	168.5	6.7	< 0.001
BMI	kg/m²	29.9	5.2	28.1	3.9	< 0.01
Systolic BP	mmHg	127.0	22.5	125.4	21.5	NS
Diastolic BP	mmHg	76.4	10.5	76.5	10.6	NS
Total C	mg/dl	200.6	42.6	188.8	43.0	< 0.05
HDL C	mg/dl	51.1	11.8	41.4	10.8	< 0.001
LDL C	mg/dl	120.7	35.3	114.8	36.8	NS
TG	mg/dl	148.0	76.6	181.9	119.4	< 0.01
Glucose	mg/dl	97.2	22.0	106.9	41.5	< 0.05
Creatinine	mg/l	0.75	0.15	0.93	0.16	< 0.001
ApoAI	mg/dl	145.0	23.2	128.8	22.6	< 0.001
ApoB	mg/dl	103.0	34.0	100.1	31.9	NS
Insulin¶	µIU/ml	8.97	2.09	7.76	1.89	NS
CRP	mg/l	3.1	3.3	3.9	5.4	NS
Fibrinogen	mg/dl	3.2	0.8	3.1	1.0	NS
SHBG	nmol/l	61.1	37.7	42.5	24.5	< 0.001
Testosterone	nmol/l	0.56	0.74	10.0	9.1	< 0.05
ASP *	nmol/l	271	(242 - 303)	305	(274 - 339)	0.059
¶log-transformed values. Mean and SD are provided for men and women (*for ASP, geometric mean and 95th confidence limits are provided), where Apo apolipoprotein, BP blood pressure, C cholesterol, CHD coronary heart disease, CRP C-reactive protein, HT hypertension, MetS metabolic syndrome, T2D type 2 diabetes, TG triglyceride, SHBG sex hormone binding globulin.
CHD	7/7.4% 44/47%	16/12.3% 61/47%	NS
MetS			NS
T2D	7/7.4% 45/48%	22/17% 49/38%	0.044
HT			NS

Table 1. Characteristics of the Study Population According to Sex

Unit

Women n = 94

Men n = 130

P-value

Mean

Age

year

52.2

12.9

51.0

11.1

Waist

95.3

15.5

97.8

10.4

Height

156.2

6.6

168.5

6.7

< 0.001

BMI

kg/m²

29.9

5.2

28.1

3.9

< 0.01

Systolic BP

mmHg

127.0

22.5

125.4

21.5

Diastolic BP

mmHg

76.4

10.5

76.5

10.6

Total C

mg/dl

200.6

42.6

188.8

43.0

< 0.05

HDL C

mg/dl

51.1

11.8

41.4

10.8

< 0.001

LDL C

mg/dl

120.7

35.3

114.8

36.8

mg/dl

148.0

76.6

181.9

119.4

< 0.01

Glucose

mg/dl

97.2

22.0

106.9

41.5

< 0.05

Creatinine

mg/l

0.75

0.15

0.93

0.16

< 0.001

ApoAI

mg/dl

145.0

23.2

128.8

22.6

< 0.001

ApoB

mg/dl

103.0

34.0

100.1

31.9

Insulin¶

µIU/ml

8.97

2.09

7.76

1.89

CRP

mg/l

3.1

3.3

3.9

5.4

Fibrinogen

mg/dl

3.2

0.8

3.1

1.0

SHBG

nmol/l

61.1

37.7

42.5

24.5

< 0.001

Testosterone

nmol/l

0.56

0.74

10.0

9.1

< 0.05

ASP *

nmol/l

271

(242 - 303)

305

(274 - 339)

0.059

Metabolic disorders

N/%

Fisher

¶log-transformed values. Mean and SD are provided for men and women (*for ASP, geometric mean and 95th confidence limits are provided), where Apo apolipoprotein, BP blood pressure, C cholesterol, CHD coronary heart disease, CRP C-reactive protein, HT hypertension, MetS metabolic syndrome, T2D type 2 diabetes, TG triglyceride, SHBG sex hormone binding globulin.

CHD

7/7.4%
44/47%

16/12.3%
61/47%

MetS

T2D

7/7.4%
45/48%

22/17%
49/38%

0.044

**Table 2.** Spearman Correlation Coefficients of ASP With Certain Variables According to Metabolic Disorders
ALL subjects (n = 224)
Height	0.17	0.01
SHBG	-0.10	0.08
	Healthy (88)		Non-healthy (136)
SHBG	0.04	0.77	-0.30	0.002
Height	0.17	0.12	0.16	0.07
Glucose	-0.17	0.08		0.13	0.22
Height	0.10	0.29		0.15	0.03
HDL-C	-0.09	0.31		-0.20	0.03
SHBG	-0.02	0.86	(78)	-0.31	0.01
Spearman Correlation (R values) and significance level (P values) are provided according to metabolic disorder where CRP C reactive protein, HT hypertension, MetS metabolic syndrome, SHBG sex hormone binding globulin. Values with P < 0.1 are underlined.
Height	0.19	0.03		0.07	0.47
HDL-C	-0.16	0.07		-0.06	0.56
LDL-C	-0.18	0.04		0.13	0.21
SHBG	-0.03	0.77		-0.33	0.005
CRP	0.05	0.52	(86)	0.21	0.04
FIBRINOGEN	-0.04	0.68	(127)	0.25	0.04
CREATININE	0.13	0.17	(96)	-0.21	0.05
AGE	0.06	0.47	(117)	-0.19	0.06

Table 2. Spearman Correlation Coefficients of ASP With Certain Variables According to Metabolic Disorders

ALL subjects (n = 224)

P value

Height

0.17

0.01

SHBG

-0.10

0.08

Healthy (88)

Non-healthy (136)

SHBG

0.04

0.77

-0.30

0.002

Height

0.17

0.12

0.16

0.07

Non-MetS (119)

With MetS (105)

Glucose

-0.17

0.08

0.13

0.22

Height

0.10

0.29

0.15

0.03

HDL-C

-0.09

0.31

-0.20

0.03

SHBG

-0.02

0.86

(78)

-0.31

0.01

Without HT (130)

With HT (94)

Spearman Correlation (R values) and significance level (P values) are provided according to metabolic disorder where CRP C reactive protein, HT hypertension, MetS metabolic syndrome, SHBG sex hormone binding globulin. Values with P < 0.1 are underlined.

Height

0.19

0.03

0.07

0.47

HDL-C

-0.16

0.07

-0.06

0.56

LDL-C

-0.18

0.04

0.13

0.21

SHBG

-0.03

0.77

-0.33

0.005

CRP

0.05

0.52

(86)

0.21

0.04

FIBRINOGEN

-0.04

0.68

(127)

0.25

0.04

CREATININE

0.13

0.17

(96)

-0.21

0.05

AGE

0.06

0.47

(117)

-0.19

0.06

**Table 3.** Spearman Correlation Coefficients of ASP With Certain Variables According to Gender
All	Men (130)	Women (94)
Age	-0.19	0.03	0.08	0.47
Glucose	0.19	0.03	-0.23	0.03
Triglyceride	0.19	0.03	-0.18	0.09
CRP	0.16	0.07	0.04	0.73	(91)
SHBG	-0.19	0.07	-0.01	0.95	(68)
Testosterone	0.05	0.63	-0.26	0.04
Height	0.26	0.003	-0.03	0.79
LDL-C	-0.00	0.96		-0.36	0.03
Creatinine	0.26	0.07		-0.12	0.49	(33)
Age	-0.29	0.01	0.13	0.35
Height	0.27	0.01	-0.17	0.20
BMI	0.22	0.04	0.13	0.33
Triglyceride	0.24	0.04	-0.15	0.26	(55)
HDL-C	-0.03	0.02	0.16	0.22
SHBG	-0.32	0.01	-0.19	0.23	(41)
Glucose	0.21	0.06	-0.27	0.05
Glucose	0.31	0.02	-0.21	0.17	(42)
Fibrinogen	0.28	0.06	0.04	0.83	(28)
SHGB	-0.28	0.06	-0.2	0.26	(33)
CRP	0.23	0.07	0.03	0.86	(43)
Height	0.23	0.07	-0.21	0.18
Spearman Correlation (R values) and significance level (P values) are provided according to metabolic disorder where BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, C cholesterol, CRP C reactive protein, HT hypertension, MetS metabolic syndrome, SHBG sex hormone binding globulin, WC waist circumference. Values with P < 0.1 are underlined.
Height	0.27	0.02	-0.06	0.70
Age	-0.21	0.08	0.16	0.28
WC	-0.10	0.39	0.31	0.03
Diastolic BP	-0.12	0.33	0.33	0.02
Systolic BP	-0.09	0.49	0.26	0.07
Total C	0.07	0.56	-0.24	0.09

Table 3. Spearman Correlation Coefficients of ASP With Certain Variables According to Gender

All

Men (130)

Women (94)

P value

Age

-0.19

0.03

0.08

0.47

Glucose

0.19

0.03

-0.23

0.03

Triglyceride

0.19

0.03

-0.18

0.09

CRP

0.16

0.07

0.04

0.73

(91)

SHBG

-0.19

0.07

-0.01

0.95

(68)

Testosterone

0.05

0.63

-0.26

0.04

Height

0.26

0.003

-0.03

0.79

Healthy

(51)

(37)

LDL-C

-0.00

0.96

-0.36

0.03

Creatinine

0.26

0.07

-0.12

0.49

(33)

Non-healthy

(79)

(57)

Age

-0.29

0.01

0.13

0.35

Height

0.27

0.01

-0.17

0.20

BMI

0.22

0.04

0.13

0.33

Triglyceride

0.24

0.04

-0.15

0.26

(55)

HDL-C

-0.03

0.02

0.16

0.22

SHBG

-0.32

0.01

-0.19

0.23

(41)

Glucose

0.21

0.06

-0.27

0.05

With MetS

(61)

(44)

Glucose

0.31

0.02

-0.21

0.17

(42)

Fibrinogen

0.28

0.06

0.04

0.83

(28)

SHGB

-0.28

0.06

-0.2

0.26

(33)

CRP

0.23

0.07

0.03

0.86

(43)

Height

0.23

0.07

-0.21

0.18

Without MetS

(69)

(50)

Spearman Correlation (R values) and significance level (P values) are provided according to metabolic disorder where BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, C cholesterol, CRP C reactive protein, HT hypertension, MetS metabolic syndrome, SHBG sex hormone binding globulin, WC waist circumference. Values with P < 0.1 are underlined.

Height

0.27

0.02

-0.06

0.70

Age

-0.21

0.08

0.16

0.28

-0.10

0.39

0.31

0.03

Diastolic BP

-0.12

0.33

0.02

Systolic BP

-0.09

0.49

0.26

0.07

Total C

0.07

0.56

-0.24

0.09