Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://www.jofem.org

Original Article

Volume 11, Number 3-4, August 2021, pages 76-82


Late Impact of COVID-19 Pneumonia on Testosterone Levels in Recovered, Post-Hospitalized Male Patients

Tables

Table 1. Demographic, Clinical, and Laboratory Characteristics of Study Participants
 
COVID-19 pneumonia patients (n = 55)Matched control (n = 40)P value
COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; ICU: intensive care unit; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; CRP: C-reactive protein; TT: total testosterone; cFT: calculated free testosterone; LH: luteinizing hormone; SHBG: sex hormone binding globulin; T/LH: testosterone to LH ratio.
Age (years)53.02 ± 7.38551.80 ± 7.4980.432
Smoker ratio21 (38.2%)16 (40%)0.858
ICU admission15 (29.3%)
Hypertension29 (52.7%)19 (47.5%)0.615
Body weight (kg)105.93 ± 15.677102.73 ± 16.1230.334
Height (m)1.7416 ± 0.058621.7358 ± 0.068420.654
BMI (kg/m2)35.0776 ± 5.8721834.2703 ± 6.062130.516
WC (cm)120.20 ± 16.875115.55 ± 17.2550.192
CRP (mg/L)15.8782 ±7.8261414.175 ± 7.004170.277
CCI3 (3)3 (2)0.128
Albumin (g/dL)4.23 ± 0.191084.1564 ± 0.272000.145
SHBG (nmol/L)49.0091 ± 9.8195249.8350 ± 9.214000.679
TT (ng/dL)335.8182 ± 148.116401.35 ± 145.7340.35
cFT (ng/dL)5.342909 ± 2.408966.3615 ± 2.3146520.41
LH (mIU/L)7.6836 ± 2.692987.03 ± 2.475960.23
T/LH0.4731 (0.51)0.6584 (0.43)0.022
Testosterone deficiency prevalence28 (50.9%)12 (30%)0.042

 

Table 2. Comparison of Demographic, Clinical, and Laboratory Characteristics Between COVID-19 Pneumonia Male Patients With Testosterone Deficiency and Patients Without Testosterone Deficiency
 
Non-deficient testosterone (n = 27)Deficient testosterone (n = 28)P value
COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; ICU: intensive care unit; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; CRP: C-reactive protein; LH: luteinizing hormone; cFT: calculated free testosterone; SHBG: sex hormone binding globulin; T/LH: testosterone to LH ratio.
Age (years)53.89 ± 7.61752.18 ± 7.1910.396
Smoker ratio10 (37%)11 (39.3%)0.864
Hospitalization time (days)5.19 ± 1.7337.46 ± 3.2260.002
ICU admission3 (11.1%)8 (28.6%)0.106
Hypertension12 (44.4%)17 (60.7%)0.227
Body weight (kg)102.00 ± 16.502109.71 ± 14.1080.068
Height (m)1.7496 ± 0.059771.7339 ± 0.057500.325
BMI (kg/m2)33.4579 ± 5.8756436.6395 ± 5.528750.043
WC (cm)112.93 ± 16.146127.21 ± 14.6470.001
CRP (mg/L)14.1 ± 7.9056917.5929 ± 7.490040.098
CCI3 (2)5 (4)0.007
Albumin (g/dL)4.2000 ± 0.268904.1143 ± 0.273140.246
SHBG (nmol/L)51.2222 ± 9.8625746.8750 ± 9.463480.101
cFT (ng/dL)7.302593 ± 1.6247833.453214 ± 1.23310.0001
LH (mIU/L)6.6889 ± 1.471878.6429 ± 3.236420.006
T/LH0.2449 (0.17)0.7058 (0.29)0.001

 

Table 3. Linear Regression Models Predicting Total Testosterone Levels in Recovered, Post-Hospitalized for COVID-19 Pneumonia Male Patients
 
Model 1Model 2
BβP valueBβP value
Model 1 was unadjusted. Model 2 adjusted for age. COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; WC: waist circumference; BMI: body mass index; LH: luteinizing hormone; Sqrt CCI: square root of Charlson Comorbidity Index.
WC-5.895-2.9320.005-5.941-2.9910.004
BMI7.2171.2380.2217.7091.3370.188
LH-3.154-0.4700.641-1.600-0.2380.813
Hospitalization time-9.768-1.5990.116-9.866-1.6350.109
Sqrt CCI-67.069-1.9760.054-78.849-2.2880.027