J Endocrinol Metab

Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.jofem.org

Original Article

Volume 12, Number 2, April 2022, pages 53-58

Influence of Age on the Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Figure 1. Scatter plot of the serum HDL-C levels before and after 6 months of SGLT2 inhibitor treatment and the regression line for representative age. Regression model, y = 1.26 + 0.9x + 0.13z (x: base line, y: after 6 months, and z: age). HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SGLT2: sodium-glucose cotransporter 2.

Figure 2. Scatter plot of the serum AST levels before and after 6 months of SGLT2 inhibitor treatment and the regression line for representative age. Regression model, y = 23.4 - 0.218x - 0.22z + 0.013xz (x: base line, y: after 6 months, and z: age). AST: aspartate aminotransferase; SGLT2: sodium-glucose cotransporter 2.

Figure 3. Scatter plot of the serum γ-GTP levels before and after 6 months of SGLT2 inhibitor treatment and the regression line for representative age. Regression model, y = 14.3 + 0.41x - 0.17z + 0.006xz (x: base line, y: after 6 months, and z: age). γ-GTP: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; SGLT2: sodium-glucose cotransporter 2.

**Table 1.** Patient Characteristics at Baseline
Data are expressed as mean ± SD. DPP4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4; SD: standard deviation.
N	199
Male/female	142/57
Age (years)	54 ± 11
Duration of diabetes (years)	10 ± 7
Concomitant medication
Therapy for diabetes, n
DPP4-inhibitor	160
Biguanide	95
Sulfonylurea	37
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor	111
Thiazolidinedione	75
Insulin	30
Lipid-modifying agents	144
Antihypertensive drugs	69

Table 1. Patient Characteristics at Baseline

Data are expressed as mean ± SD. DPP4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4; SD: standard deviation.

199

Male/female

142/57

Age (years)

54 ± 11

Duration of diabetes (years)

10 ± 7

Concomitant medication

Therapy for diabetes, n

DPP4-inhibitor

160

Biguanide

Sulfonylurea

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

111

Thiazolidinedione

Insulin

Lipid-modifying agents

144

Antihypertensive drugs

**Table 2.** Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Various Parameters (N = 199)
	Baseline	6 months
Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Paired t-test. P < 0.05, *P < 0.01 vs. baseline (before administration). ^aThe results of the regression analysis show that the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors is influenced by the age (P < 0.05). ^bThe results of the regression analysis show that the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors are influenced by the age (P < 0.01). SGLT2: sodium-glucose cotransporter 2; BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; γ-GTP: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; SD: standard deviation.
Body weight (kg)	78.2 ± 17.8	75.7 ± 17.4**
BMI (kg/m²)	28.2 ± 5.4	27.3 ± 5.2**
Visceral fat area (cm²)	113 ± 49	104 ± 48**
Glucose (mg/dL)	114 ± 38	105 ± 35**
HbA1c (%)	7.0 ± 0.9	6.8 ± 0.8**
Insulin (µU/mL)	12.4 ± 16.1	9.2 ± 8.4**
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	179 ± 33	180 ± 34
HDL-C (mg/dL)	57 ± 14	60 ± 15**^a
LDL-C (mg/dL)	101 ± 28	101 ± 28
LDL-C/HDL-C	1.86 ± 0.67	1.78 ± 0.64*
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	149 ± 90	125 ± 89**
AST (U/L)	25 ± 14	23 ± 10**^b
ALT (U/L)	29 ± 21	25 ± 16**
γ-GTP (U/L)	42 ± 47	36 ± 38**^b
Uric acids (mg/dL)	5.3 ± 1.3	4.6 ± 1.2**
Bone strength (%)	89 ± 15	91 ± 15**

Table 2. Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Various Parameters (N = 199)

Baseline

6 months

Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Paired t-test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. baseline (before administration). ^aThe results of the regression analysis show that the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors is influenced by the age (P < 0.05). ^bThe results of the regression analysis show that the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors are influenced by the age (P < 0.01). SGLT2: sodium-glucose cotransporter 2; BMI: body mass index; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; γ-GTP: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; SD: standard deviation.

Body weight (kg)

78.2 ± 17.8

75.7 ± 17.4**

BMI (kg/m²)

28.2 ± 5.4

27.3 ± 5.2**

Visceral fat area (cm²)

113 ± 49

104 ± 48**

Glucose (mg/dL)

114 ± 38

105 ± 35**

HbA1c (%)

7.0 ± 0.9

6.8 ± 0.8**

Insulin (µU/mL)

12.4 ± 16.1

9.2 ± 8.4**

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

179 ± 33

180 ± 34

HDL-C (mg/dL)

57 ± 14

60 ± 15**^a

LDL-C (mg/dL)

101 ± 28

LDL-C/HDL-C

1.86 ± 0.67

1.78 ± 0.64*

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

149 ± 90

125 ± 89**

AST (U/L)

25 ± 14

23 ± 10**^b

ALT (U/L)

29 ± 21

25 ± 16**

γ-GTP (U/L)

42 ± 47

36 ± 38**^b

Uric acids (mg/dL)

5.3 ± 1.3

4.6 ± 1.2**

Bone strength (%)

89 ± 15

91 ± 15**