J Endocrinol Metab

Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ISSN 1923-2861 print, 1923-287X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Endocrinol Metab and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.jofem.org

Original Article

Volume 13, Number 1, February 2023, pages 13-19

Metabolically Obese Normal-Weight Phenotype as a Risk Factor for High Blood Pressure: A Five-Year Cohort

Figure 1. Reconstruction of cohorts from the PERU MIGRANT 2007 - 2008 study. HBP: high blood pressure; MONW: metabolically obese normal-weight.

**Table 1.** Baseline Characteristics of the Study Sample
Characteristics	N (%)
^aDoes not add to 367 due to missing values. MONW: metabolically obese normal-weight.
Sex
Feminine	161 (43.9)
Masculine	206 (56.1)
Age group (years)
29 to 44 years old	177 (48.2)
45 to 59 years old	133 (36.2)
60 years old or older	57 (15.5)
Migration group
Rural	145 (39.5)
Migrant	171 (46.6)
Urban	51 (13.9)
Physical activity level^a
Low	67 (18.5)
Moderate	80 (22.1)
High	214 (59.4)
Currently smoker
No	322 (87.7)
Yes	45 (12.3)
Alcohol consumption
Low	327 (89.1)
High	40 (10.9)
MONW
No	250 (68.1)
Yes	117 (31.9)

Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Study Sample

Characteristics

N (%)

^aDoes not add to 367 due to missing values. MONW: metabolically obese normal-weight.

Sex

Feminine

161 (43.9)

Masculine

206 (56.1)

Age group (years)

29 to 44 years old

177 (48.2)

45 to 59 years old

133 (36.2)

60 years old or older

57 (15.5)

Migration group

Rural

145 (39.5)

Migrant

171 (46.6)

Urban

51 (13.9)

Physical activity level^a

Low

67 (18.5)

Moderate

80 (22.1)

High

214 (59.4)

Currently smoker

322 (87.7)

Yes

45 (12.3)

Alcohol consumption

Low

327 (89.1)

High

40 (10.9)

MONW

250 (68.1)

Yes

117 (31.9)

**Table 2.** Bivariate Analysis of the Characteristics Associated With the Presence of Hypertension
Characteristics	Development of arterial hypertension	P^a
^aChi-square of independence. MONW: metabolically obese normal-weight.
MONW
No	221 (92.9)	17 (7.1)	< 0.001
Yes	85 (79.4)	22 (20.6)
Sex
Feminine	134 (88.2)	18 (11.8)	0.780
Masculine	172 (89.1)	21 (10.9)
Age group (years)
29 to 44 years old	157 (96.7)	5 (3.1)	< 0.001
45 to 59 years old	109 (85.8)	18 (14.2)
60 years old or older	40 (71.4)	16 (28.6)
Migration group
Rural	122 (84.1)	23 (15.9)	0.042
Migrant	141 (93.4)	10 (6.6)
Urban	43 (87.8)	6 (12.2)
Physical activity level
Low	59 (95.2)	3 (4.8)	0.169
Moderate	63 (88.7)	8 (11.3)
High	179 (86.5)	28 (13.5)
Currently smoker
No	270 (89.1)	33 (10.9)	0.515
Yes	36 (85.7)	6 (14.3)
Alcohol consumption
Low	277 (89.1)	34 (10.9)	0.509
High	29 (85.3)	5 (14.7)

Table 2. Bivariate Analysis of the Characteristics Associated With the Presence of Hypertension

Characteristics

Development of arterial hypertension

P^a

No (n = 306)

Yes (n = 39)

N (%)

^aChi-square of independence. MONW: metabolically obese normal-weight.

MONW

221 (92.9)

17 (7.1)

< 0.001

Yes

85 (79.4)

22 (20.6)

Sex

Feminine

134 (88.2)

18 (11.8)

0.780

Masculine

172 (89.1)

21 (10.9)

Age group (years)

29 to 44 years old

157 (96.7)

5 (3.1)

< 0.001

45 to 59 years old

109 (85.8)

18 (14.2)

60 years old or older

40 (71.4)

16 (28.6)

Migration group

Rural

122 (84.1)

23 (15.9)

0.042

Migrant

141 (93.4)

10 (6.6)

Urban

43 (87.8)

6 (12.2)

Physical activity level

Low

59 (95.2)

3 (4.8)

0.169

Moderate

63 (88.7)

8 (11.3)

High

179 (86.5)

28 (13.5)

Currently smoker

270 (89.1)

33 (10.9)

0.515

Yes

36 (85.7)

6 (14.3)

Alcohol consumption

Low

277 (89.1)

34 (10.9)

0.509

High

29 (85.3)

5 (14.7)

**Table 3.** Relative Risks of the Association Between the Metabolically Obese Thin and the Development of HBP: Crude and Adjusted Models
	RRc	95% CI	P	RRa^a	95% CI	P*
^aAdjusted for age group, sex, migration group, level of physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. *Significant P value < 0.05. RRc: crude risk ratio; RRa: adjusted risk ratio; CI: confidence interval; MONW: metabolically obese normal-weight; HBP: high blood pressure. Elaboration: own source.
MONW
No	Reference			Reference
Yes	2.879	1.594 - 5.199	< 0.001	2.055	1.118 - 3.777	0.020

Table 3. Relative Risks of the Association Between the Metabolically Obese Thin and the Development of HBP: Crude and Adjusted Models

RRc

95% CI

RRa^a

95% CI

^aAdjusted for age group, sex, migration group, level of physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. *Significant P value < 0.05. RRc: crude risk ratio; RRa: adjusted risk ratio; CI: confidence interval; MONW: metabolically obese normal-weight; HBP: high blood pressure. Elaboration: own source.

MONW

Reference

Yes

2.879

1.594 - 5.199

< 0.001

2.055

1.118 - 3.777

0.020